If the thyroid gland is simply removed unilaterally or bilaterally, it is not considered a major disease. If it is due to thyroid cancer, radical thyroidectomy, which usually includes total excision of the affected side, plus isthmus excision and secondary excision of the opposite side, combined with chemotherapy or even radiotherapy, is considered a major disease. For thyroid nodules or benign thyroid tumors, a major thyroidectomy is sufficient to cure the disease, and there is no need for lifelong medication after surgery, so it is curable and not a major disease. For malignant tumors, radical thyroid cancer resection, combined with lymph node dissection in the neck and postoperative chemotherapy or even radiotherapy are required. Even for thyroid cancer with good type of pathological differentiation, there is a possibility of postoperative tumor metastasis and recurrence. Postoperative thyroid function needs to be reviewed regularly and thyroxine supplementation is needed to prevent recurrence and regular follow-up, so it is a major disease.