Cough variant asthma (CVA) is a specific type of asthma with cough as the main clinical manifestation, which was first proposed by Stanescu in 19 70 and named as variant asthma by Gla user et al. in 1972. The name CVA was officially introduced by Irwin et al. in 1981. This type of asthma is particularly common in children, with studies showing that 75% of children with chronic cough have CVA, and 54% of these children eventually develop classic asthma. The pathogenesis of CVA is not fully understood and can be studied in terms of genetics, immunology, and neurological reflexes. In patients with CVA, IgE-mediated work-type metaplasia plays a major role in the development of cough, and chronic nonspecific inflammation with infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells is the main pathological basis of CVA. Its main clinical manifestation is an irritating dry cough, usually more intense, with nighttime cough as its main feature. Cold, cold air, dust and oil fumes can easily trigger or aggravate the cough. With the popularization of asthma prevention and control knowledge in recent years, people pay more and more attention to the early diagnosis and treatment of asthma. It is often seen that some children complaining of chronic irritant cough, especially nocturnal cough symptoms without typical wheezing symptoms, are diagnosed as CVA, and some of these children are misdiagnosed due to insufficient technical conditions in local hospitals and physicians’ lack of in-depth knowledge of CVA, as well as over-diagnosis and over-treatment occur.