General knowledge of subxiphoid capillary hemangioblastoma

  Angiosarcoma is strictly speaking a vascular malformation, generally occurring in the inner layer of the reticular layer of the extremities, the neuromuscular arterial bulb, which is a short-circuiting of the arterioles in front of the capillary network (arteriovenous anastomosis), i.e. – the transformation of the angiosarcoma into a vascular bulb, an anastomotic device in which the small arteries distributed at the end are directly introduced into the veins without passing through the capillary network, with its The neuromuscular contraction controls the blood flow and thus serves to regulate the local temperature and skin circulation.  The vascular bulb is composed of five parts: 1) the small artery entering the bulb; 2) the anastomotic duct (also called Sucquet-Hoyer’s duct); 3) the primary collecting vein; 4) the reticular structure within the bulb; and 5) the envelope.  Angiosarcoma is most commonly seen under the nail or toenail and has certain characteristics in its clinical presentation. Despite the low incidence of the disease, it is often misdiagnosed or missed. Clinically, there are two types of hemangioblastoma: 1. Solitary type, which is more common and has three typical clinical symptoms: spontaneous pain, tenderness and cold sensitivity.  2.Multiple types: they can occur in multiple locations or in one location. It is rare to see patients with multiple tumors, which may be combined with “constant arterial syndrome, diffuse arteriovenous fistula or visceral arteriovenous fistula”.  Patients with subxiphoid hemangioblastoma typically present with limited pain, which may be paroxysmal or persistent, with localized tenderness that may be triggered or exacerbated by cold, and which may be stabbing or burning in nature, or severe. There are various explanations for the cause of pain in hemangioblastoma. It has been suggested that the presence of mast cells within the hemangioblastoma stimulates the surrounding nociceptive receptors with pain-causing substances such as 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine, producing severe pain. It is also believed that the pain is due to the nerve fibers that encircle the vessels and cross the tumor, and that the number of nerve endings is related to the degree of pain. It has also been suggested that the pain is related to changes in blood flow through the hemangioblastoma, which stimulates the nerve fibers to produce pain.  The subxiphoid tumor is purple or purplish in color and may have a limited elevation of 2-5 mm in size, is light red or red in color, has an intact envelope, is soft in texture, has clear borders, and has no adhesions. The tumor contains more blood vessels and is surrounded by multiple layers of epithelioid cells, uniform in size and arrangement, and the tumor is wrapped by fibrous tissue. There are also cases where no hemangioblastoma tissue can be seen. Physical examination: Loves test is positive, i.e., pressure on the surface of the tumor with a paper clip or a large-headed needle cap can produce severe pain that radiates to the forearm or upper arm, while pressure slightly deviating from the tumor site is painless. The diagnosis of this disease is easily made by the three major clinical symptoms and a positive Loves test. Once diagnosed, subxiphoid hemangioblastoma requires surgical excision, which must be complete, including the envelope. However, inadequate longitudinal knowledge of the disease often leads to treatment failure.  The correct surgical approach should pay attention to the following points: (1) preoperative localization and marking of the surgical area; (2) nerve block anesthesia at the root of the finger; (3) rubber strip hemostasis in the middle part of the proximal phalanx; (4) window opening on the nail according to the preoperative markings The operation can be performed under surgical magnification or microscope to completely remove the tumor, and after the lesion is removed, it is locally filled with Vaseline gauze and removed after the local normal tissue growth is filled, and the peripheral dressing is changed as appropriate .