Diabetic eye disease leads to blindness this tragedy could have been avoided, if the sugar lovers come to the treatment earlier, control the blood sugar and blood pressure, will certainly be able to avoid such an outcome. About diabetic eye disease sugar friends also have a lot of questions, here summarizes the sugar friends are concerned about the 19 questions to solve the problem! 1, diabetic eye disease and the onset of years related? The occurrence of diabetic eye disease is related to the onset of diabetes, the longer the onset of the eye damage caused by the more serious. Stable blood glucose control can slow down the onset of eye disease. Poor control of blood glucose can lead to early onset of eye disease. At the same time, it is also important to control blood pressure and blood viscosity. type 1 diabetic patients with eye complications and the situation is more serious. 2.How to recognize the symptoms of different eye diseases? Diabetes can cause eye discomfort, but it is not simply caused by retinopathy. “Sugar lovers” should learn to identify simple symptoms, such as: a. Refractive changes: sometimes myopia, sometimes hyperopia. b. Blepharoptosis: sometimes nearsightedness, sometimes farsightedness. c. Lid lesions. b. Eyelid disease: recurrent blepharitis, blepharitis. c.Conjunctival lesions: recurrent conjunctivitis. d. Corneal pathology: dry eyes, corneal epithelial erosion, delayed healing of corneal wounds, etc. e. Iris lesions: iritis, iris pigment loss, etc. f. Glaucoma: neovascular glaucoma g. Cataract: diabetic cataract and senile cataract in diabetic patients. h. Ocular muscle paralysis: it can show easy fatigue after eye use and strabismus and diplopia. i.Retinopathy: the most common and the most serious. 3.Why do sugar addicts see things clearly and blurrily at the same time? This is due to the lens regulation caused by the lens nutrition comes from the eye a colorless and transparent liquid – aqueous humor, when blood sugar rises, the concentration of glucose in the aqueous humor rises, diffusion into the lens, lens osmolality rises, lens fibers absorb water and swell, myopia occurs; when the blood sugar is suddenly lowered to cause the opposite osmolality change When blood sugar is suddenly lowered it causes the opposite osmotic pressure change, lens water decreases, and hyperopia occurs. This vision change reminds you should pay attention to the blood sugar changes, but do not have to immediately lens, should be stabilized in the blood sugar again after the optometry. 4.What is diabetic retinopathy? Diabetic retinopathy is a serious complication of diabetic eye disease that mainly affects the retina of the eye. The retina is similar to the film in a camera, which allows it to sense visual images. Diabetic retinopathy usually occurs after many years of diabetes. The longer you have diabetes, the greater the chance of developing diabetic retinopathy. 5.Do you need to see an ophthalmologist if you have no eye symptoms? Yes, because it is very one-sided for patients to judge whether there is something wrong with their eyes only according to their own vision. We divide the fundus into central and peripheral areas, and the central area refers to the macular area, if there is no hemorrhage or exudation in the macular area, patients may not be easy to notice, but the peripheral retina may have already been damaged, and treatment should be started. 6. How many types of diabetic retinopathy are there? In 1984, China’s fundopathy group formulated a classification standard that is divided into 2 types and 6 phases, and the condition gradually aggravates from 1 to 6 phases. The first 3 phases can also be called non-proliferative, which are manifested as microvascular tumors, small pieces of hemorrhage, and oozing. The last 3 stages are called proliferative, showing fundus neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, fiber proliferation, and retinal detachment. Internationally, there is another staging called ETDES staging, which is more specialized, but the treatment principle is still the same. 7.What is diabetic macular degeneration? The macula is the most sensitive part of the retina for vision, we usually use it to see things, and the damage to the fundus of the eye caused by diabetes affects the macula the most. Damage to the macula can be manifested as exudation, hemorrhage, macular edema, which will cause you to lose your vision and distort your vision. Macular degeneration can be treated with laser therapy or supplemented with medication. 8.What is neovascularization and is it a normal blood vessel? Neovascularization is an unhealthy blood vessel induced by retinal ischemia and hypoxia, it can grow in clusters and bleed easily, if the bleeding is large enough, it will affect your vision. The appearance of neovascularization signifies that diabetic retinopathy has entered into a more serious stage. 9. Is diabetic retinopathy progressive? Yes, in most patients. Stable control of blood glucose and appropriate treatment can control the progression of the disease and maintain useful vision throughout life. 10. How is diabetic retinopathy treated? Blood sugar control is the key. Stage 1~2 can be treated with medication, using microcirculation improvement and hemostatic drugs, iodine preparation; Stage 3~4 mainly use “photocoagulation treatment”, which is an effective method commonly used in the world at present; Stage 4~6 generally use surgical treatment, and most of the patients can regain part of their vision after the surgery. 11.What is the purpose of photocoagulation? The purpose of photocoagulation is to prevent blindness. Studies have shown that more than 60% of blindness caused by diabetic retinopathy can be avoided if photocoagulation is used in a timely manner, especially if blood sugar is well controlled. Doctors around the world recommend photocoagulation. 12. How does photocoagulation work? By creating a concentrated spot on the retina, photocoagulation reduces the amount of substances that stimulate abnormal neovascularization and therefore reduces the risk of hemorrhage and retinal detachment. In addition, photocoagulation in the macula reduces macular edema. All of these can stop vision loss and even improve vision. 13. Does photocoagulation often improve vision? No. The purpose of photocoagulation is to prevent blindness. The purpose of photocoagulation is to prevent blindness, and vision usually does not improve, and in most cases may decrease slightly. In addition, many patients may experience a transient blurring of vision for a few hours after photocoagulation, but their vision can be restored later. Occasionally, some patients with early diabetic macular degeneration may have improved vision after photocoagulation. It should be emphasized that vision does not usually improve after photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy. However, in the long run, because of the control of retinopathy after photocoagulation, there is a possibility that the vision will not decline, that is, indirectly preserved vision. 14. How often should photocoagulation be performed? We recommend treating one eye at a time, alternately, monocular total retinal photocoagulation usually takes 3~5 times to complete, each time 10~20 minutes, and then regular review, if necessary, can still be supplemented with photocoagulation. The treatment can be done in several times to avoid producing too many spots in the retina at one time, and too much photocoagulation can cause macular edema and temporary vision loss. 15. Is the treatment painful? Usually it is not painful. Occasionally, there is eye pain and swelling or headache during or after treatment, which is more common in patients who have repeated treatments. If needed, medication can be given to relieve the pain. In addition, the patient should be psychologically prepared before treatment and cooperate well with the doctor. 16. Can photocoagulation cure diabetic retinopathy? No. The purpose of photocoagulation is to try to preserve the vision as much as possible. The purpose of photocoagulation is to try to maintain vision and stop the deterioration of the lesion. It does this by destroying the abnormal retina and stopping neovascularization and fluid leakage. However, the disease is still progressing and abnormal neovascularization and leakage can continue, requiring another treatment. Therefore, diabetic patients should be followed up regularly and further photocoagulation is necessary. 17. Is photocoagulation always effective? No. Photocoagulation is effective in most patients, but not all. In some cases, even with photocoagulation, bleeding may continue. 18. Can laser treatment be done if I have an IOL? Yes. In patients with posterior chamber IOLs, the pupil can be fully dilated and the fundus can be treated with photocoagulation. 19.What are the applications of fundus fluorescence angiography for diabetic retinopathy? It can analyze in detail the changes in the small retinal vessels, especially to show abnormal neovascularization that is about to hemorrhage, and also to detect atretic capillaries that need to be treated. Another application is to show microaneurysms and leaking vessels that require treatment, especially if they are present in the macula, causing macular degeneration and vision loss.