The spine is composed of bony structures, soft tissues, and the nervous system located in the spinal canal. 1. Bony structure: The spine supports the skull at the upper end, connects the hip bones at the lower end, and attaches to the ribs at the middle end. It consists of seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, five lumbar vertebrae, five sacral vertebrae, and one coccyx from the top to the bottom, and each vertebrae consists of the vertebral body in the front and the attachments in the back. 2. Soft tissues: the vertebrae are surrounded by muscles, ligaments and other soft tissues, the back of the spine is the more powerful erector spinae muscle, which is a spinal extension muscle group, and between the vertebrae there are intervertebral discs that play a role in connecting, as well as ligamentum flavum, supraspinous ligament, and ligamentum musculosum. 3. Nervous system: the vertebrae form a longitudinal spinal canal, within which walks the spinal cord connected to the brain tissue, the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramen sends out the nerve roots, collects local pain, temperature, touch, etc., and innervates the local muscles to produce movement.