Antinuclear antibody-positive patients with muscle aches and pains may have autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), and polymyositis. Antinuclear antibody is a group of autoantibodies including all antigenic components in cells, which is an important marker of autoimmune diseases and should be negative under normal circumstances. The positive rate of antinuclear antibody is more than 95% for systemic lupus erythematosus, higher for mixed connective tissue disease, and a little lower for polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, and dermatomyositis. Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis and other autoimmune diseases may cause muscle aches and pains. Therefore, patients with symptoms of muscle aches and pains who are positive for antinuclear antibodies should further improve other autoantibodies, blood sedimentation, rheumatoid factor, CRP, ultrasound, CT and other auxiliary tests to make a clear diagnosis and actively treat the cause. It is recommended that antinuclear antibody-positive patients with symptoms of muscle aches and pains should go to the rheumatology department of a regular hospital for detailed consultation and follow the prescribed treatment.