The major organs to be removed in a total cystectomy include all of the diseased bladder, the lymph nodes surrounding the diseased bladder, and some of the reproductive organs. If the cancerous tissue invades the urethra, the urethra will also be removed if necessary. 1. Total bladder: total cystectomy is mainly used for the treatment of middle and late stage bladder cancer, which requires the removal of the entire diseased bladder, removing the cancerous tissues and preventing the cancer cells from spreading. 2. Lymph nodes around diseased tissues: besides removing the diseased tissues, cystectomy also needs to clear the lymph nodes around the lesions to avoid the spread of cancer cells. 3. Part of reproductive organs: after cystectomy, the diseased bladder should be removed according to different genders, such as male patients also need to remove seminal vesicle glands, prostate glands, part of vas deferens and part of ureter, etc. Female patients should selectively remove cervix, uterus, ovary and part of vagina according to their own medical conditions. 4. Urethra: If the cancer cells invade the urethra, the whole urethra should be removed during the operation. Before total cystectomy, patients should go to the hospital for preoperative examination to clarify the location and size of the tumor and whether there is metastasis, etc., so as to provide a basis for the removal of organs during the operation.