Radiotherapy occupies an important position in the comprehensive treatment of tumors, and about 70% of patients need the participation of radiotherapy in the treatment of all malignant tumors. With the development of science and technology, medical imaging, computer technology, multileaf collimator and gas pedal technology are closely combined, and precise radiotherapy technologies such as 3D conformal radiotherapy, intensity modulated radiotherapy and image guided radiotherapy have been applied in clinical practice one after another, which makes the rapid development of radiotherapy, especially for malignant tumors of head and neck, such as nasopharyngeal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer and malignant tumors of nasal cavity and sinus. Precision radiotherapy has not only improved the efficacy of treatment, but also significantly reduced the incidence of complications. Head and neck is the most common site of tumor, and the occurrence of various tumors accounts for about 20% of the whole body tumors. Most of the malignant tumors in the head and neck area require radiotherapy at different stages of the treatment process. What should patients with head and neck tumors pay attention to when receiving radiotherapy? Before radiotherapy: Patients should consciously quit smoking, drinking and other bad habits. This can reduce the damage to normal tissues caused by radiation during radiotherapy, such as throat erosion and oral ulcers, and can also avoid the recurrence of tumor or secondary primary tumor caused by the stimulation of smoking and alcohol. If the scope of radiotherapy includes the oral cavity, a dentist should be consulted before radiotherapy for a comprehensive examination and treatment of oral lesions if necessary, in order to control oral infection foci, remove residual tooth roots and repair dental caries. For oral surgery such as tooth extraction, radiotherapy should be considered at least 2 weeks after the surgery. In radiotherapy: Due to the decrease of salivary gland function and saliva secretion caused by radiation, the self-protective function of teeth decreases, patients have dry mouth and discomfort, and are prone to infection in the oral cavity and radioactive caries. Therefore, patients should pay more attention to oral hygiene, rinse and brush their teeth after meals, and choose some fluoride toothpaste for toothpaste. In radiotherapy, patients should maintain regularity of life and enhance physical fitness to avoid upper respiratory tract infection as much as possible, so as to avoid the expansion of submucosal capillaries and hemorrhage in nasopharynx and nasal cavity due to upper respiratory tract infection. In the dry season of spring and autumn, drops of peppermint and paraffin oil can be used in the nasal cavity to protect the local mucosa. Diet: 1. Avoid spicy and stimulating foods such as tobacco and alcohol, and avoid long-term consumption of pickled foods. 2, it is appropriate to eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, fresh fish, shrimp, advocate more mushroom food. Especially eat more bean food (soy milk or tofu), drink green tea. 3, chicken, duck, beef, lamb and other meat foods can be eaten. After radiotherapy: Radiation therapy adverse reactions: 1. Swelling of the skin of the face and neck may occur after the end of radiotherapy, there is no need to panic, this is caused by poor lymphatic reflux due to radiotherapy, and it will take 3-6 months to gradually return to normal. 2.The darkening of the skin in the irradiated area after radiotherapy can generally be relieved within 1-2 months. 3.The hair loss in the irradiated area after radiotherapy is a normal phenomenon, and new hair can be grown soon. 4.Sore throat and phlegm symptoms after radiotherapy may take 1-2 months to recover. 5.It is difficult to recover from dry mouth after radiotherapy because the salivary glands are damaged and saliva secretion is significantly reduced, so you need to drink more water. 6, dry nasal mucosa, easy to bleed, a small amount of blood is not necessary to panic, if the number of bleeding, the amount of large, you need to go to the hospital in time for examination. 7.After radiotherapy, you may not be able to eat dry and hard food, you should eat soft food and semi-liquid food. 8.The skin in the irradiated area of the neck will become fibrotic and hard after radiotherapy. 9.The teeth may gradually loosen and the crown heads fall off after radiotherapy, and it usually takes more than three years to extract the teeth. Functional exercise: 1, insist on oral exercise every day, open your mouth wide 50 times after waking up and before going to bed. 2. Keep your mouth clean and insist on brushing with fluoride toothpaste at least 3 times a day to prevent oral infection. 3, pay attention to rest, at least six months after the end of treatment to gradually return to work. Review and follow-up: 1. For patients who have received chemotherapy, rest for 3 weeks after the end of radiotherapy and go to the hospital for examination to decide whether to have further chemotherapy. During the rest period, the blood count should be checked once a week. If the white blood cells are lower than normal, it is recommended to go to a nearby hospital for correction. If there is any special discomfort after the chemotherapy is completely finished, come to the hospital for review every 3 months for 2 years, every 6 months for 2-5 years, and every year after 5 years, and go to the hospital for review at any time if there is any discomfort. 2.Patients who have not received chemotherapy will be reviewed every 3 months for 2 years, every 6 months for 2-5 years, and every year after 5 years if there is no special discomfort, and any discomfort will be reviewed at the hospital at any time. 3.The things you need to bring with you at any time for review: medical record book, discharge summary, MRI or CT film before treatment and treatment. In conclusion, oral surgery such as tooth extraction should be avoided within 2 years after radiotherapy to avoid the occurrence of osteonecrosis due to surgical trauma. If surgery is necessary, you can go to a specialized hospital for consultation. After radiotherapy, the ability of nasopharyngeal mucosa to resist infection decreases and local mucositis is easy to occur, with increased secretion and sometimes odor, so nasopharyngeal irrigation can be used under the guidance of physicians to relieve symptoms. Some patients with healed nasopharyngeal cancer may develop temporomandibular joint ankylosis and surrounding muscle contracture, difficulty in opening mouth and other late radiation injuries. Therefore, after the radiotherapy course, patients can usually do some functional training to open and close their mouths.