The scope of neurosurgery treatment includes cranio-cerebral diseases, spinal cord and spinal column diseases and peripheral nerve diseases. Domestic neurosurgery is often referred to as brain surgery, because most of the diseases admitted to domestic neurosurgery are cranial diseases. It should be recognized that it is not accurate to equate neurosurgery with brain surgery. The main categories of neurosurgical diseases are: neurological trauma, hemorrhage ischemia (vascular disease), inflammation, tumors, malformations, and functional diseases. Most neurosurgeons are engaged in the treatment of craniocerebral trauma, cerebral hemorrhage, craniocerebral tumors, and craniocerebral inflammation (abscesses). In other words, there are relatively few neurosurgeons who are mainly engaged in the treatment of spinal cord and spinal column diseases, peripheral nerve diseases, and functional neurosurgical diseases. With social progress and disciplinary development, neurological system (neurosurgery) critical care medicine has emerged and flourished. The future of those who are interested in spinal cord, peripheral nerve and functional neurosurgery diseases is growing stronger and stronger. The diagnosis of neurosurgical diseases is based on a “three-dimensional” approach, namely orientation, localization and characterization. Directional diagnosis is the foundation and direction, so we should pay attention to directional diagnosis. If a patient visits the doctor with the main complaint of nausea and vomiting, it is necessary to screen and clarify whether it is a digestive system disease, a neurological system disease or a poisoning disease, so as to avoid unnecessary tests and delayed diagnosis. The diagnosis of neurosurgical diseases should follow the “CRLEP”. C: clinical, clinical history and physical examination. R: radiology, mainly Neuro-radiology, neuroimaging, including structural imaging, vascular assessment imaging, functional metabolic imaging, etc. L: laboratory, laboratory tests, mainly containing cerebrospinal fluid-related tests and endocrine tests of saddle lesions. E: electrophysiology, mainly divided into two categories: preoperative assessment electrophysiology and intraoperative real-time monitoring electrophysiology. P: pathology, containing frozen sections, immunohistochemistry, molecular pathology, etc. Emphasis on autopsy and improvement of autopsy rate is a sign of social progress. The correct diagnosis of neurosurgical diseases requires a comprehensive “CRLEP”, and avoid the blind to feel the elephant. The old ancestors talked about “looking, smelling, asking and cutting, and the four diagnoses together”, which actually emphasizes the system theory and holistic view. The old ancestors also said “if you hold an inch, what disease can be hit”, which is actually criticizing metaphysics and mechanical one-sided view. The philosophical approaches nurtured by Eastern and Western medicine have the same or similar intrinsic requirements of holistic and comprehensive, dynamic development of problem analysis and problem solving. The new medical concept of “holistic medicine” is still emerging. Neurosurgical drug treatment should not be neglected. If you are busy with surgery and ignore perioperative medication, you are not a good doctor. Basic neurosurgical drugs: 1) cranial pressure lowering drugs, such as dehydration drugs, hormones, diuretics, etc.; 2) anti-epileptic drugs, such as sodium valproate, diazepam, etc.; 3) prevention and control of infection drugs, the rational use of various antibiotics; 4) nutritional support drugs, such as amino acids, fat milk, etc.; 5) water and electricity balance fluids, such as lactic acid Ringer’s solution, glucose, etc.. Among them, cranial pressure-lowering drugs and antiepileptic drugs should always be considered, with or without? Is the dosage enough? Neurosurgical treatment, has entered the era of minimally invasive and function preserving. This mainly relies on the following six technical platforms: 1, microscopic neurosurgery technology; 2, endoscopic neurosurgery technology; 3, catheter intervention technology; 4, stereotactic, image navigation (including iMRI) technology; 5, neuroelectrophysiology technology; 6, computer virtual technology. Removing lesions, preserving function and improving the quality of life of patients. Neurosurgery is also divided into two categories: radical surgery and palliative surgery. If a pineal tumor is associated with hydrocephalus, resection of the pineal tumor is a radical surgery, while a single lateral ventriculo-abdominal shunt is a palliative surgery. There is no definite conclusion on whether it is a radical or palliative procedure. The treatment should be individualized and analyzed on a case-by-case basis. Remembering Academician Wang Loyalty and developing the career of neurosurgery. To do business, a good neurosurgery team is needed. Neurosurgeon training, although has been from one victory to another, the road is still difficult and long.