Lumbar disc herniation refers to a group of clinical symptoms that occur when the intervertebral disc undergoes degenerative changes and the nucleus pulposus ruptures under certain causative factors and stimulates and compresses the surrounding nerve roots, blood vessels and other tissues. First, the cause: the occurrence of lumbar disc herniation causes both endogenous and exogenous factors. The internal cause is the degenerative change of the lumbar disc; the external cause is injury, trauma, strain and cold, etc. (1) Physiological degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc After the age of about 20, degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc have begun, with degeneration, thickening and reduction of elasticity of the fibrous ring; at the age of 30-40, the proteoglycan of the intervertebral disc decreases, and the nucleus pulposus tends to collagenize and lose elasticity and expansion properties. The degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc often progress fastest with the degenerative changes of the nucleus pulposus, and the cartilage plate becomes thinner and incomplete with age, producing cartilage cystic degeneration and chondrocyte necrosis. The attachment points of the fibrous ring are also relaxed, and the posterior lateral aspect of the fibrous ring of the lumbar intervertebral disc is weaker, while the posterior longitudinal ligament running longitudinally through the vertebrae to the posterior side of the vertebral body becomes gradually narrower below the plane of the first lumbar vertebra, and the width between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the first lumbar vertebra is only half of the original, thus creating a weakness in the natural structure. Because the intervertebral disc has no blood circulation and poor repair ability, the lumbar intervertebral disc is subject to stress from different directions and is most susceptible to degenerative lesions such as atrophy and reduced elasticity. (2) Trauma Trauma and accumulated strain are important causes of lumbar disc herniation. Although the lumbar spine is physiologically convex, the intervertebral disc is thin and thick, when people bend over, the nucleus pulposus moves to the rear and produces resistive elasticity, the size of its elasticity is proportional to the size of the weight-bearing pressure. If the weight-bearing pressure is too large, the nucleus pulposus may break through the fibrous ring and protrude, herniate or separate due to the degeneration of the fibrous ring and its existing defects. Prolapse means that the nucleus pulposus is still wrapped by the outer layer of the fibrous ring; protrusion means that the nucleus pulposus is outside the fibrous ring and the posterior longitudinal ligament ligament, and the nucleus pulposus is free in the spinal canal. The nucleus pulposus can not get normal filling for a long time, affecting the nutrient supply of the annulus fibrosus, resulting in damage to the annulus fibrosus and not easy to repair, so that the degenerated disc weak points appear small fissures. This kind of fissure, more in the posterior part of the fibrous ring, and involves the different depths of the fibrous ring, can also appear in the cartilage plate into the channel of the herniated nucleus pulposus. (3) Cold: Cold exposure of the intervertebral disc causes muscle spasm and small blood vessel constriction in the low back. Local blood circulation is reduced, which in turn affects the nutrition of the intervertebral disc. At the same time, muscle tension and spasm lead to the internal elevation of the intervertebral disc, especially for the disc that has been degenerated, can cause further damage, resulting in the nucleus pulposus protrusion. Second, there are usually three types of treatment: A, conservative treatment: including Xiang massage and traction and other methods. It is suitable for initial and mild cases. B, Interventional treatment: Based on detailed research on the anatomy, biochemistry, biomechanics and imaging of the intervertebral disc, minimally invasive interventional treatment techniques have made rapid progress. Compared with traditional surgical methods, minimally invasive interventional techniques have the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery, no damage to the normal structure of the spinal canal and no impact on the biomechanical stability of the spine. For example, collagenase chemolysis, percutaneous laser disc decompression, plasma nucleus pulposus cryoablation, ozone ablation, and discoscopic interventions. C, surgery: 8%-10% of patients with disc herniation need surgery after non-surgical treatment is ineffective. In case of cauda equina injury or nerve palsy, emergency surgery should be performed to release the nerve compression as soon as possible. However, surgery is often more dangerous, more traumatic, affects the stability of the spine and is slow to recover after surgery. Third, precautions: sleep on a hard bed. Sleeping on a hard bed can reduce the pressure on the intervertebral disc. Pay attention to the lumbar warmth, try not to get cold. Wear a lumbar belt during the day to strengthen the protection of the lumbar back, while favoring the recovery of lumbar spondylosis. Usually do not do bending and forceful movements such as mopping the floor, try to rest in bed during the acute attack, and also after the pain period is relieved. Pay attention to proper rest and do not overexert yourself to avoid aggravating the pain. Usually do not bend over when lifting heavy objects, you should squat down to get the heavy objects first, then slowly get up and try not to bend over. Try to rest in bed during the acute attack period, and also after the pain period is relieved. Pay attention to proper rest and do not overexert yourself to avoid aggravating the pain. The usual diet, eat more food with high calcium content, such as milk, dairy products, shrimp, kelp, sesame paste, soy products are also rich in calcium, often eat, but also conducive to calcium supplementation, pay attention to the nutritional structure.