Both kidneys are broken, which means that the patient’s kidney function is declining and entering the stage of renal failure, in the end stage of renal failure, which is called uremia. Patients with uremia can also survive, although they have little kidney function left, but they can continue their lives through kidney replacement therapy. Also, uremia can be cured by kidney transplantation. The main methods of renal replacement therapy are hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation. Hemodialysis is a hemodialyzer to remove toxins from the body and maintain the stability of the internal environment, and the main principles are convection, adsorption and filtration. Peritoneal dialysis, on the other hand, uses the patient’s own peritoneal function to exchange toxins and water in the body. Kidney transplantation is the only way to cure uremia, but it is usually difficult to achieve due to the economic and kidney source factors.