Nucleus pulposus removal is a classic procedure for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation with precise efficacy, but the excellent rate of long-term efficacy of this procedure over 10 years has declined. Due to insufficient understanding of the reasons for the decline in long-term efficacy after nucleus pulposus removal, coupled with the excessive pursuit of economic benefits by some clinicians. Lumbar fusion has been misused in the surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Lumbar non-fusion, which is advanced in concept, simple in operation, and can preserve spinal segmental motor function and maintain lumbar spine stability, has also been favored by clinicians, and its application has also been expanded. Therefore, lumbar fusion and non-fusion in lumbar disc herniation surgery should be discussed in depth, in order to facilitate the rational choice of surgical methods. 1. Nucleus pulposus removal is a classic procedure for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation with precise efficacy, and it should still be the mainstream method for the surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation. The purpose of lumbar fusion is to avoid the re-protrusion of intervertebral discs and maintain the stability of lumbar spine. For patients with simple lumbar disc herniation, there is no need for routine lumbar fusion, and lumbar fusion in lumbar disc herniation surgery should be strictly grasped for the indications of surgery. Compared with lumbar fusion, non-fusion technology has certain advantages in the surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation, but the indications should be strictly grasped and carefully selected to avoid blindly expanding the scope of application of the surgery and causing abuse. 4, the development of minimally invasive technology has led to profound changes in the traditional surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation, and the concept and scope of lumbar nonfusion has been further improved and expanded; while the application of lumbar fusion has been gradually reduced and further minimally invasive, limited, precise and diversified.