Most lumbar punctures do not produce significant sequelae, but a small number of patients may experience pain and infection during or after lumbar puncture, as follows: 1. Pain: puncture requires entry into the subarachnoid space to extract cerebrospinal fluid, which may leave pain at the puncture site; in addition, leakage of cerebrospinal fluid may also lead to headache, but it can usually improve after a period of rest; 2. Hematoma: puncture leads to local injury, so that 3. Infection: Retrograde intracranial infection may occur if lumbar puncture instruments and items are not sterilized properly, so assessment should be performed before puncture, and puncture is contraindicated in patients with impaired coagulation mechanisms or local skin and soft tissue infections; 4. Nerve injury: The possibility of nerve injury due to lumbar puncture is low. Individual patients may experience cauda equina nerve injury, which can lead to diaphoresis and paralysis with improper treatment. In addition, when the intracranial pressure is increased, lumbar puncture with more and faster release of fluid at one time, or if the patient is not strictly bedridden after puncture, brain herniation is more likely to occur, and untimely treatment may leave symptoms of cranial neurological injury, such as impaired thinking and limb impairment.