How can doctors determine whether a subcutaneous nodule is benign or malignant?

“Firstly, the doctor will ask the patient in detail about the condition of the subcutaneous nodules, perform a detailed visual and palpation examination to initially determine the texture, size and mobility of the nodules. A thorough physical examination of the patient’s other organ systems is also carried out to get a picture of the patient’s general health and to ask if the patient has any other accompanying symptoms.
The doctor may then recommend laboratory tests, imaging and pathology to determine the benignity or malignancy of the subcutaneous nodule, with pathology being the ‘gold standard’ for determining the benignity or malignancy of a subcutaneous nodule.”