Urinary stones are very common urological disorders, and they account for as many as half of the patients we see and treat in hospital. For different patients, the color and nature of the stones vary. If we know the composition of the stones clearly, we can target the treatment and prevent the recurrence of stones from the root cause. According to the chemical composition of stones, we can classify them into the following five categories: 1. Calcium oxalate stones are the most common, and are more common in men. They can be divided into two types: calcium oxalate monohydrate is often brown, hard, unbreakable, mulberry-shaped, and smooth on the surface; while calcium oxalate dihydrate is often white, and the surface can have crystalline spine-like protrusions and a brittle texture. 2, calcium phosphate stones accounted for 6-9% of the stones, but also to male young adults more frequent. The stones are mostly white, hard, often antler-shaped, and rough on the surface. 3, uric acid stones account for 6% of stones, formed in acidic urine, more common in men. Yellow or reddish-brown, slightly hard, in the form of multi-grain, smooth surface, especially in gout patients more common. 4, magnesium phosphate amine stones accounted for 10% of the stones, more common in women. Stones yellow or dirty gray, dendritic or antler-shaped, loose and fragile. 5, cystine stones are rare, often due to rare family genetic disease, yellowish or yellowish brown, waxy, hard and smooth. When we clearly understand the composition of stones, we can take active preventive measures for the stones themselves, so that we can minimize stone formation and prevent stone recurrence.