The treatment of low-grade rectal cancer is a comprehensive treatment mainly based on surgery. 1. the procedures requiring colostomy: 1 Miles operation 2 Hartmann operation 2. the procedures without colostomy 1. Dixon operation (divided into anterior resection, low anterior resection, and ultra-low anterior resection) 2. Parks operation 3. local resection 4. intersphincteric resection (ISR) 3. other corresponding surgical techniques 1. extended abdominopelvic lymph node dissection 2. total rectal mesenteric resection 3. surgery to preserve the vegetative nerve