Diabetic eye disease is an eye disease of visual dysfunction caused by high blood sugar in diabetic patients. The most common are diabetic retinopathy and cataracts. It already accounts for the number one blindness-causing eye disease worldwide. In general, diabetic retinopathy and/or cataract may occur in varying degrees after 3-5 years of diabetes, with an incidence of more than 90% after 15 years of disease. Therefore, diabetic patients need regular eye examinations for early detection and treatment of diabetic eye disease. With the improvement of social and economic conditions, the improvement of living standards and the significant increase of people’s life expectancy, the number of diabetic patients in China is increasing, and the survey shows that the prevalence of diabetic eye disease in China reaches about 50%. Early diabetic eye disease may not have any conscious symptoms, so it is often not paid attention to, with the aggravation of the lesion, can appear “flying mosquitoes”, flash in front of the eyes, visual distortion, the center of the dark spot, vision loss and eventually blindness. Eye examination can reveal: lens clouding, retinal microangioma, hemorrhage, exudation, neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, macular edema, retinal detachment and neovascular glaucoma. How to do the prevention and treatment of diabetic eye disease? 1. Pay attention to and avoid the risk factors related to it: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity, etc.; 2. Do a good job of internal blood sugar control, regular ophthalmology examination slit lamp, fundus photography, eye ultrasound and fluorescence angiography to confirm the diagnosis of cataract, diabetic retinopathy and accurate staging; 3. According to the different degrees of diabetic eye disease, carry out the following treatments: a. cataract extraction Combined with IOL implantation, the creation and aggravation of diabetic cataract not only damage the patient’s vision, but also affect the examination and treatment of fundus. Therefore, diabetic cataract should be operated earlier and more necessary than general age-related cataract. b. Retinal photocoagulation: The use of laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy is currently the most advanced method recognized internationally. The purpose is to close those neovascularization that are prone to bleeding and eliminate the factors that cause neovascularization in the fundus, and also to degenerate the neovascularization that has been generated. It prevents blindness due to serious complications such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy and neovascular glaucoma. c. Vitrectomy: For proliferative diabetic retinopathy, especially when vitreous blood and retinal detachment occur, vitrectomy is needed to remove vitreous blood and reset the retina. As diabetic retinopathy is an irreversible complication, surgery can only partially restore vision, so it is important to prevent and treat it in a timely manner. Once proliferative lesions appear, retinal laser photocoagulation should be performed in a timely manner to prevent further complications of neovascularization and to protect residual vision. In conclusion, as a diabetic patient, develop a good lifestyle, diet, exercise, avoid obesity and reduce stress, and seek timely medical attention when lesions are detected; as a hospital to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment, establish a diabetic patient history file and database, so that it can specialize in the treatment of specific diseases; only the organic combination of the two, joint efforts can do a good job in the prevention and treatment of diabetic eye disease this important task.