The goal of drug therapy is to completely control clinical seizures without significant side effects and to maintain or restore the patient’s original physiological and psychological status and ability to work. About 80% of newly diagnosed patients treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have their seizures controlled with pharmacotherapy, of which about 50% are in remission after the first monotherapy, and about 30% are switched to another monotherapy after failure of the first monotherapy. The other 20% of patients whose seizures are not well controlled by medication become drug-refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy is not due to a single cause, but is a group of disorders with varying etiologies, and its prognosis depends largely on factors such as underlying etiology, syndrome classification, frequency of seizures before treatment, and age at seizure onset. There is no evidence that AEDs substances have a therapeutic effect on the underlying cause of seizures, but they can control clinical seizures and thereby reduce accidental death, injury, and impairment of psychosocial functioning due to seizures. Current problems with epilepsy drug therapy Although there are more and more drugs to choose from and most patients’ seizures can be well controlled, there are still some problems with current drug therapy: 1. Incorrect classification of seizures leads to errors in drug selection. 2. The drugs chosen are appropriate for the seizure, but not for the individual being treated. 3. The diagnosis and drug selection are appropriate, but the dose of the drug is not appropriate, e.g., only the starting dose is used for maintenance treatment or the starting dose is too high. 4. Despite seizure control, there are significant side effects, but no corresponding dose or medication adjustment is made.