Polycystic kidney is a hereditary kidney disease that can be detected by ultrasound, CT, MRI and molecular diagnosis. Polycystic kidney is autosomal dominantly inherited and is mainly characterized by the presence of a large number of fluid vesicles in both kidneys and other parts of the body. CT and MRI are highly sensitive; ultrasound is less costly, does not require the use of contrast media and is radiation-free; for those who can not be diagnosed by the above tests, molecular diagnostics can be used to analyze whether there are mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes in order to make a definitive diagnosis. In early stage of polycystic kidney, cystic changes in the kidney are usually detected during physical examination by imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT, and no treatment is usually needed at this stage. As the cysts increase in size and compress the surrounding tissues or organs, surgical treatment is needed. Depending on the condition, cyst decapitation, nephrectomy, etc. can be chosen. Dialysis is needed if the disease develops into end-stage renal disease. Polycystic kidney patients are recommended to go to regular hospitals in time and receive standardized treatment under the guidance of doctors.