Morphologic testing after puncture is the gold standard for diagnosing the benign or malignant nature of breast nodules compared to other tests. Breast nodules can be caused by a variety of reasons, including cystic hyperplasia of the breast, fibroadenoma of the breast, intraductal papilloma, breast sarcoma, breast cancer, etc. To make a definitive diagnosis of the above causes, puncture of the nodule tissue and pathomorphologic testing is currently the most effective method. Among the various causes of breast nodules, cystic hyperplasia of the breast and fibroadenoma of the breast are mostly benign lesions; breast sarcoma and breast cancer are malignant lesions. It is important to note that the diagnosis of benign or malignant breast nodules needs to be combined with physical signs, imaging and other comprehensive judgment; suspected or diagnosed malignant lesions, timely surgical excision and other interventions are needed.