Under normal physiological conditions, the adenoids develop to the maximum at the age of 67, and gradually atrophy s after the age of 10, and basically disappear when they become into, if the adenoids hyperplasia, and cause the corresponding symptoms are called adenoid hypertrophy; this disease occurs mostly in children aged 35, adults are rare. Inflammation in the nasopharynx and its adjacent areas or in the adenoids themselves repeatedly stimulates pathological hyperplasia of the adenoids.
Clinical manifestations.
Local symptoms
1. Nasal symptoms: often complicated by rhinitis and sinusitis, with symptoms such as nasal congestion and runny nose. When speaking, there is an occlusive nasal sound, and when sleeping, there is a snoring sound.
2. Ear symptoms: stuffy and swollen ears, hearing loss, tinnitus.
3. Pharynx, larynx and lower respiratory tract symptoms: often cause paroxysmal cough and easily complicate bronchitis.
4. Severe cases have adenoidal appearance: long-term open-mouth breathing, affecting bone development, elongated maxilla, high arched palate, uneven teeth, poor bite, protruding upper incisors, thick lips, drooping jaw, and indifferent expression.
Systemic symptoms
1.Neuropsychiatric symptoms: sleep with many nightmares, shrieking, teeth grinding, enuresis, wheezing spasms or asthma.
2. Chronic toxicity symptoms: malnutrition, unresponsiveness, inattentiveness.
Diagnostic points.
1, adenoidal facies, high and narrow hard palate.
2.Nasopharyngeal examination reveals a red mass-like elevation of the posterior wall of the nasopharyngeal apex, and soft lymphoid tissue masses are palpated in the nasopharynx.
3. Lateral nasopharyngeal X-ray or CT scan can help in diagnosis.
Treatment options and principles.
1.For those who have clinical symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy, adenoid scraping should be performed as early as possible.
2, can be removed at the same time during tonsil surgery, or alone.
3, in recent years, many hospitals in China have used suction cutter to remove adenoids and plasma ablation to remove adenoids under direct nasal endoscopy has achieved satisfactory results.
Indications.
1.Adenoid hypertrophy causes open mouth breathing, snoring or occlusive nasal sound.
2.Adenoid hypertrophy can block the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube causing secretory otitis media and hearing loss, or cause recurrent purulent otitis media that cannot be cured.
3. Those who have formed “adenoid face” and have wasting and developmental disorders.
4.Adenoid hypertrophy with recurrent inflammation of the nasal cavity and sinuses or frequent upper respiratory tract infections.