Leukoaraiosis a chronic systemic vasculitis that may be associated with genetic factors and pathogenic infections. Common symptoms include oral ulcers and genital ulcers. Physical examination and other auxiliary tests (e.g. laboratory tests, vascular ultrasound, ophthalmologic examination, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, needle test, etc.) are generally recommended. 1. Physical examination: Due to systemic vascular inflammation, the patient’s oral mucosa, genital mucosa and other parts of the body have different degrees of damage, and the ulcers can be observed through visual inspection. 2. Auxiliary examination: (1) Laboratory examination: it is recommended to improve the blood routine, liver and kidney function, blood inflammation index examination, some patients may have increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein elevation. (2) Vascular ultrasound: the disease may involve the blood vessels of the whole body, if necessary, night vascular ultrasound and so on. (3) Ophthalmologic examination: uveitis, iritis is one of the important evidences to support leukoaraiosis. (4) Gastroenteroscopy: If gastrointestinal involvement is suspected, a complete gastroenteroscopy is needed. (5) Needle prick test: Needle prick test is a specific test for the diagnosis of leukoaraiosis. When leukoaraiosis occurs, it is recommended to consult a doctor in time, follow the doctor’s instructions for further examination, and carry out targeted treatment or therapy with the doctor’s help.