Nasal mucosa swelling, also known as nasal mucosa enlargement, is most commonly seen in rhinitis. It is an enlargement of the nasal mucosa caused by the irritation of the nasal mucosa due to inflammation in the nasal cavity. In terms of pathological changes of the nasal mucosa, there are chronic simple rhinitis, chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, caseous rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis, etc. In terms of the urgency of onset and duration of the disease, it can be divided into acute rhinitis and chronic rhinitis. When rhinitis develops to a certain degree, the vascular lesions of the nasal mucosa are manifested as pale edema when microvascular dilatation and increased permeability are predominant, and as swelling when the vascular lesions of the nasal mucosa are predominantly dilated by microvessels and cavernous sinuses. Swelling or edema of the nasal mucosa is one of the main causes of nasal blockage. The stability of the internal environment of the nasal mucosa is regulated by endocrine hormones, in addition to neural regulation. The nasal mucosa has a rich vascular bed and various components of mucosal immunity. At the level of the neuroendocrine immune network, changes in the level of endocrine hormones can affect the nasal mucosa through blood circulation. It is common for women with rhinitis to experience a significant increase in symptoms during the premenstrual period and a decrease or disappearance of symptoms after the period. In women during menstruation and pregnancy, the nasal mucosa is thickened and hyperplastic, and the glands are dilated. As a result of these changes, immune or non-immune inflammation of the respiratory mucosa can develop, leading to hyperreactivity of the nasal mucosa, resulting in rhinitis symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, nasal itching, and sneezing. In addition, prostaglandins inhibit the production of antibodies by B cells and suppress the phagocytosis of macrophages. Also prostaglandins as inflammatory factors can aggravate the degree of inflammatory response by causing vasodilation during the onset of rhinitis. In patients with allergic rhinitis, prostaglandin receptors in the vascular system of the nasal mucosa also increase, leading to vasodilatation of the nasal mucosa, nasal congestion and corresponding nasal congestion and hypersensitivity reactions.