When it comes to cervical cancer, I believe we are not too unfamiliar with it. Famous singer Anita Mui and movie star Li Yuan Yuan died of this disease back then. If they can have early checkups and early detection of this disease, it is very hopeful to be cured. Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, and its incidence has been rising significantly among young women in recent years. Although cervical cancer poses a great threat to our health, with the widespread use of techniques such as cervical cytology screening in recent decades, it has allowed early detection as well as intervention and treatment of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. However, we still can’t take such an “enemy” lightly, we should start from recognizing cervical cancer, and do a good job in timely detection and early prevention is the key to fight against cervical cancer, please ask the experts for the majority of women’s tips, to help us defeat the cervical cancer, such a killer of women’s health. The etiology is clear: HPV is the main culprit Among the common gynecological malignant tumors, cervical cancer is still in the first place, and endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer are in the second and third places. Among the malignant tumors unique to women, cervical cancer is the only one whose cause has been basically clarified, and which can be easily detected by physical examination, pre-cancerous lesions and early cancer, and which can be prevented by vaccination. Cervical cancer is a completely curable disease. This is so because the cause of cervical cancer has now been clearly diagnosed in the medical community, which is HPV infection. However, more than half of the outpatients each year with cervical cancer are found to be in the middle to late stages, losing the best chance of treatment and jeopardizing their lives. HPV, short for human papillomavirus, is a spherical DNA virus that causes proliferation of the squamous epithelium of human skin mucosa. It also increases dramatically with the incidence of warts among STDs and poses the risk of triggering cervical cancer. The transmission of HPV should attract our great attention. The main way of transmission is sexual transmission, which is a direct transmission, and a small portion may be indirectly transmitted through contact with the infected person’s clothing, household goods, utensils, etc. In addition, there is also the possibility of medical infections, such as medical workers in the care of improper protection, resulting in their own infections, etc., but HPV will not be transmitted through the blood and saliva. If you want to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer from the most source, we must start from avoiding HPV infection, the most important of which is to require everyone to be clean, faithful to the hygiene and health morality of sexual life, and at the same time to develop good hygiene habits, as far as possible, in the public places less use of public goods. Special reminder that the coins we usually use, the same possibility of transmission of HPV virus, so after we use, we should wash our hands in a timely manner to avoid the germs carried on the coins. It is understood that China’s independent research and development of HPV vaccine has reached the stage of phase III clinical trials, it is estimated that in the near future, China’s residents can also be HPV vaccination, which will be very beneficial to the prevention of cervical cancer. Prevention First: Screening is the Key On the clinic, there are often patients who ask in confusion: “I have done the routine ultrasound examination every year, so is it possible to figure out whether the uterus is healthy, and then prevent cervical cancer?” In fact, this is a misunderstanding that most people have. The ultrasound test we usually do during our physical exams is for uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts, but these diseases have less than a 1/200 chance of becoming cancerous, and HPV screening is overlooked by most women. In fact, as long as you are sexually active, you should undergo cervical cytology screening and HPV testing once a year if your condition permits. Because this is the source of cervical cancer. For people who should be screened, Prof. Zhang suggests that from the time they have sex to the age of 65 should be considered as the age group that needs regular testing. Cervical cytology, or HPV screening, colposcopy, and histopathologic biopsy are collectively known as the “three-step” approach to cervical cancer screening. “If the HPV test is negative and the cytology screen is okay, then the screened candidate can be relaxed to a two- or three-year checkup, without having to check for HPV every year, but cytology alone should still be done once a year. If a problem with the cervix is found during testing, this is the time to make sure to do a colposcopy and take a biopsy to see how severe the disease is. Depending on its extent then the doctor will determine the next course of treatment. Screening is a very strict set of procedures, such a step-by-step approach can also maximize the patient’s condition to have a clearer understanding of the early stages of the future development of treatment and the patient’s recovery, has a very important role, so for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, screening is the first bastion. Avoiding misunderstanding: Celiac disease is not a disease When it comes to the treatment of cervical cancer, there is a bad phenomenon, that is, a lot of irregular hospitals claptrap, the use of the general public for the lack of medical knowledge, intentionally rendering some medical terms to cause patients to panic about their own health, so as to achieve the purpose of letting the patients to pay more out of their pockets to increase the income of the hospital, which is a hard-hit area of the cervical cancer screening. Many irregular hospitals, the patient went to the doctor did not do anything, directly to the cervix to take a picture, and then said that you have cervical erosion or other conditions, in short, said quite scary, so that the patient immediately had no backbone. In fact, the only thing that a woman with celiac disease can say is that she is still young, because menopausal women categorically do not have celiac disease, celiac disease is by no means a disease, as long as the cytology of HPV is not a problem, celiac disease is no need to bother about it, celiac disease is a cyclical change, there is no harm to the health of women. As early as the 1980s, the term celiac disease was no longer used in American medical books, and its standard name would have been cervical columnar epithelial ectasia, which is a different condition when you go to see it in different cycles. A normal condition is made to look so scary, and it is still the profit motive that is behind it. From this point of view, celiac disease is not even a disease, and how can it become a factor that many “doctors” say causes cervical cancer? Therefore, patients should be advised to go to regular hospitals to avoid the damage caused by misleading information. After Diagnosis: Evaluation is the most critical Although we set up layers of defense, the disease may still take advantage of the situation, and what should we do if we are unfortunate enough to develop cervical cancer? If it is a pre-cancerous lesion of cervical cancer, there is no need to be afraid, a small operation will be done to cut out the pre-cancerous area, and after the operation, a review will be conducted every three months, during which the disease may recur and the HPV subtype may change, but there is no need to be overly worried, and patients should cooperate with the doctor actively in the treatment. However, Prof. Zhang emphasized that if patients have sex after treatment, the male partner must wear a condom because the male partner is the source of infection. Even if the woman has the ring placed, if the man does not wear a condom, there is still a possibility of infection. Further, if cervical cancer is diagnosed, patients should not be anxious. Professor Zhang suggested that patients should find an experienced gynecologist to do a comprehensive gynecological examination, which can be used to correctly determine the clinical stage, and then formulate a treatment plan according to the clinical stage. Cervical cancer is different from ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer in that the latter two are staged by surgical pathology, which is determined by laboratory analysis, while cervical cancer is staged by clinical staging, which is divided into four stages according to the relationship between the lesion and the surrounding neighboring organs. Cervical cancer patients should decide whether to have surgical treatment or radiotherapy according to the clinical staging, not all cervical cancers need to be operated, some advanced ones need radiotherapy, in China, in principle, surgery should be chosen for those with stage IIB or less, and radiotherapy should be chosen for those with stage IIB or less. In the process of cervical cancer treatment, it is not only a test for doctors, but also a test for patients, in which the correct mindset and correct assessment are very important. The reason why malignant tumors are so dangerous is that they are already an abnormal growth tissue, and there are very big variables, the individual differences of each person, physical quality and so on are not the same, and not the solution that can be implemented in this patient can be put into another patient as well, which requires the patients to be able to have a normal mind, optimistic and positive to look at the problem, and, of course, also need the doctors to be able to Of course, it is also necessary for doctors to try their best to ease their tension and cooperate with the treatment from the patients’ point of view. Whether to choose open surgery or radiotherapy for cervical cancer depends entirely on the severity and progress of the disease, as well as the individual’s situation. Many patients were able to have a full understanding of their condition, which resolved many conflicts and misunderstandings. In Prof. Zhang’s clinic, there is always an instrument for reading CT images, only through careful imaging studies and scientific tests can we clarify the patient’s condition and adopt the most favorable treatment plan for the patient. In medicine, open surgery does not mean the end of a treatment, it may be just the starting point, only through open surgery, doctors can have a more intuitive and accurate understanding of the patient’s condition, so as to determine the next step of the treatment plan, this is the case for cervical cancer, after the timely operation, we do not dare to relax the follow-up work of the patient at all. Including the exclusion of lung metastasis, pelvic and abdominal tests to exclude lymphatic metastasis, etc., all of which need special attention.