Most people have suffered from hiccups, commonly known as “hiccups”, which are repeated, involuntary spasms of the diaphragm, intercostal muscles, etc., accompanied by a sudden closure of the vocal folds, resulting in an obstruction of airflow and the production of a distinctive sound, which can occur at any instant of the respiratory cycle, but is more typical to be produced after the peak of inspiration. According to the duration of the eruption, it can generally be divided into the following four kinds: 1. temporary: single or a burst (hiccupbout), a few minutes ~ 48h or less, is temporary. 2. Persistent (persistent) or delayed (protracted), for more than 48h. 3. Chronic (chronic): more than 7d. 4. Refractory or intractable (intractable): more than 1 month. For patients whose etiology is unknown or whose primary cause cannot be rapidly corrected in the short term, empirical treatment is recommended, generally based on physical therapy: Nasopharyngeal stimulation: tongue retraction, inhalation of “smelling salts” or the like, pharyngeal stimulation with a nasal cannula, gargling with iced water Vagus nerve stimulation: compression of both eyeballs, massage of the carotid sinuses, compression of the supraorbital nerves, rectal massage Breathing-related therapies: breath-holding, breathing through a paper bag, Valsalva maneuver (inhalation followed by breath holding), continuous positive airway pressure ventilation.