With the increase in the incidence of kidney disease, chronic renal insufficiency to the uremic phase more and more patients, the general chronic kidney disease to the uremic phase are required to dialysis treatment, dialysis treatment mainly includes two categories: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, choose hemodialysis patients usually need to perform surgery to establish an arteriovenous fistula, what is the reason? The first thing that must be explained is what is hemodialysis? Hemodialysis, or hemodialysis for short, also commonly known as artificial kidney or dialysis, is a type of blood purification technology. It uses the principle of semi-permeable membrane to purify the blood by diffusing and convecting various harmful and excess metabolic wastes and electrolytes out of the body, and to correct the water-electrolyte and acid-base balance. In short, the blood of uremic patients is connected to a dialysis machine outside the body through a special tube, and the toxins inside the blood are removed and reintroduced into the patient’s body. So how exactly is the patient’s blood drawn out of the body? This is different from a normal infusion, which only requires a superficial vein, but because hemodialysis requires a high flow rate, the flow rate of the superficial vein cannot meet the needs of hemodialysis, while the blood flow rate of the artery is sufficient, so it is necessary to artificially anastomose the arteries together to increase the flow rate of the veins to meet the needs of hemodialysis, which is called arteriovenous endovascular fistula. Therefore, most uremic patients on hemodialysis require an arteriovenous endovascular fistula to establish access to hemodialysis.