Generally speaking, there are two main types of arteriovenous endovascular fistulae used for hemodialysis: autologous arteriovenous endovascular fistulae and artificial vascular arteriovenous endovascular fistulae. Autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a type of vascular access that is used for hemodialysis by surgically anastomosing the adjacent artery to the vein. Therefore, AVF is currently the preferred vascular access for permanent hemodialysis. Artificial vascular arteriovenous endovascular fistula is a type of vascular access that uses artificial vessels to anastomose autologous arteries and veins together for hemodialysis, and is generally used in patients with poor autologous vascular conditions. These two major types of arteriovenous endovascular fistulas can have multiple site options, such as autologous radial artery-cephalic vein endovascular fistula, brachial artery-median elbow vein endovascular fistula, brachial artery-axillary vein endovascular fistula, femoral artery-femoral vein endovascular fistula, and femoral artery-saphenous vein endovascular fistula.