What is endometrial cancer Endometrial cancer is a group of epithelial malignant tumors occurring in the endometrium. Studies have shown that its occurrence is associated with the persistent endogenous or exogenous action of estrogen and lack of progesterone protection. Endometrial cancer is one of the three major malignant tumors of the female reproductive tract, and its incidence has been on the rise worldwide in recent years. Therefore, early detection and correct diagnosis of endometrial cancer is of great significance to women’s health. Symptoms of endometrium What symptoms and characteristics will patients with endometrial cancer have? Let’s first look at the medical experience of two patients. Ms. Wang, 59, recently visited her doctor and told her doctor that she had been menopausal for 6 years and suddenly experienced some light red vaginal bleeding 2 months ago. After performing a gynecological examination and finding no obvious abnormalities, the doctor performed an ultrasound examination and found that the endometrium was 8 mm thick and uneven in texture. The other patient, Ms. Jin, a 33-year-old woman with a height of 4000px and a weight of 85kg, told the doctor that she had irregular vaginal bleeding for the past 3 months, and since she usually had irregular periods, only once every 2 to 6 months, she thought the bleeding was menstruation and did not pay attention to it, but it continued until now. The ultrasound examination found that Ms. Wang’s endometrium was 19mm thick and the echogenicity was extremely uneven. Ms. Wang’s postoperative pathology report suggested endometrial polyp with partial endometrioid adenocarcinoma on the polyp. Ms. Kim’s pathology report suggested endometrial complex atypical hyperplasia with localized endometrioid adenocarcinoma. These two patients exhibited the more typical symptoms of endometrial cancer. The clinical manifestations of endometrial cancer are mainly as follows: 1. Vaginal bleeding: This is the main symptom, but it can also be a small amount of bloody vaginal discharge, which is continuous or intermittent. In perimenopausal patients, irregular vaginal bleeding, prolonged menstrual period or increased menstrual flow are common, often in small to medium amount, while large amount of bleeding is rare. Younger patients, especially those with irregular menstrual cycles and near-menopausal patients, are easily mistaken for menstrual irregularities. Postmenopausal patients present with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. 2, . Vaginal discharge: There may be only a small amount of bloody leucorrhea at the initial stage, but when infection and necrosis occur at a later stage, combined with pus accumulation in the uterine cavity, foul-smelling vaginal discharge may occur, accompanied by fever, abdominal pain and elevated white blood cells. 3.Pain: Mostly seen in late stage patients, caused by tumor infiltration or compression of surrounding tissues or nerves, often persistent and progressive aggravation, and accompanied by lower abdominal cramping pain or lumbosacral pain. 4.Other: In early stage patients, there are no abnormal findings during gynecological double examination. In late stage, patients may have enlarged uterus and even enlarged inguinal lymph nodes may be found. Pus accumulation in the uterine cavity may be accompanied by uterine pressure pain. According to clinical epidemiological study, the risk factors for endometrial cancer are as follows: 1. Age: mostly occurs in older women, Red House Hospital summarizes 1500 cases, the average age of onset is 55 years old, among which patients over 50 years old account for 70%. 8.5% of patients under 40 years old have onset, but there is a tendency of lower age in recent years. 2. 2, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome: a lot of studies show that obesity can increase the risk of endometrial cancer, and the risk of endometrial cancer in centripetal obesity may be higher than that in peripheral obesity. The incidence rate of 10-20% overweight is 3 times higher than that of normal weight, and the incidence rate of 22% overweight is 9 times higher. Combined diabetes in 10% of patients, incidence is 3 times higher in those with diabetes than in those without diabetes. Related to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia metabolic disorders. 3. Menstrual and hormonal factors: Patients with long-term anovulation (manifested as scanty menstruation, such as patients with polycystic ovary syndrome) have a significantly higher risk of developing endometrial cancer. Early menarche and late menopause may also increase the risk of endometrial cancer. Long-term estrogen users are at increased risk of endometrial cancer. Postoperative tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer patients may also increase the risk of endometrial cancer. 5. Genetic factors: Endometrial cancer has a genetic tendency, and those with family history of ovarian cancer, breast cancer and non-polyposis colon cancer syndrome have an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer. How to prevent and detect endometrial cancer as early as possible There are many risk factors and a wide range of risk factors for the development of endometrial cancer, and there are cross-actions among them, but interventions on these factors can prevent endometrial cancer to some extent. In case of endometrial cancer, early detection and early treatment are also important for disease prognosis. To prevent endometrial cancer, the first step is to start from lifestyle, change dietary habits, control fat intake, increase vegetable intake, enhance physical activity appropriately, and keep weight within normal range. In addition, regular hormone replacement therapy, diabetes treatment, and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome also have a preventive effect on endometrial cancer. In case of menstrual disorders, prolonged scanty menstruation or irregular vaginal bleeding, it is important to go to the hospital promptly. If ultrasound reveals endometrial thickening, uneven endometrial echogenicity or uterine cavity occupancy, diagnostic curettage or hysteroscopy should be performed as soon as possible for early diagnosis and reasonable treatment of endometrial cancer.