The risks of surgery for pituitary tumors lie primarily in the surgical complications they produce. Surgical complications include intra-saddle hemorrhage, rhinorrhea, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, meningitis, hypopituitarism, uremia, hydroelectrolyte disorders, ophthalmoplegia, nasal septum perforation, and hypothalamic dysfunction. Pituitary tumors have a mortality rate due to their surgical risks, which is around 4-10%. In order to further reduce and minimize the risk of surgery, it is necessary to fully assess the patient’s condition before surgery, and actively improve the preoperative preparation, such as controlling high blood pressure and high blood sugar; regulating malnutrition and other ways, all of which are preventive measures against the risk of surgery. In addition, after surgery, we need to strictly monitor the patient’s vital signs, and actively prevent related complications, so as to minimize the risk of surgery and the harm caused by surgical risk.