Risk factors for stroke: These include hypertension, diabetes, smoking, heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and alcoholism. These factors can lead to atherosclerosis, which promotes plaque formation and subsequent narrowing and occlusion of blood vessels. Therefore, if we want to prevent stroke, we need to control these risk factors by combining them closely with our own situation, so that we can develop reasonable preventive measures. The risk of stroke increases by 49% for every 10 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure and by 46% for every 5 mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure, suggesting that blood pressure control plays an important role in stroke prevention. For patients with combined diabetes mellitus, it is important to control blood pressure to below 130/80 mmHg. However, blood pressure control should be based on three principles: effective blood pressure lowering, smooth blood pressure lowering and effective protection of distant target organs. Therefore, it is important to follow the doctor’s advice when choosing drugs to choose the appropriate drug to lower blood pressure, to be able to control blood pressure, and then to be able to stabilize blood pressure after taking the drug, and then to be able to protect the kidneys, heart and other organs. However, before carrying out strict control of blood pressure, it is necessary to clarify the presence or absence of stenosis of intracranial cerebral blood vessels. If there is stenosis of large intracranial blood vessels, after strict blood pressure lowering, it may aggravate the cognitive function decline and stroke risk caused by the stenosis, so it is necessary to carry out the overall assessment of intracranial and extracranial related cerebral vessels. Control of diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for stroke. In patients with risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, strict glycemic control is required. Glycosylated hemoglobin and glycosylated plasma albumin are tested regularly to observe the long-term glycemic control. Glycosylated hemoglobin is generally controlled at ≤7%. The control of fasting blood glucose is as close to the normal range as possible, less than 6mmol/l, and the control of postprandial is 7.8mmol/l. The control of blood glucose is not only about taking drugs, but also about lifestyle adjustment, such as diet control and moderate exercise, followed by taking drugs or applying insulin. However, it is also important to prevent hypoglycemia in patients with a history of hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal and dietary problems, because hypoglycemia is more likely to occur with severe brain dysfunction. Hyperlipidemia control: In Changhai cerebrovascular disease clinic, we often encounter many patients who ask: My high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is high, should it matter? My low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, is in the normal range, should I still take medication, my simple triglycerides are high, should I change my medication, and other questions. In general, for every 1 mmol/l increase in HDL, the risk of stroke is reduced by 47%, which means that HDL plays a protective role. For patients with a history of stroke, it is best to keep LDL below 2.6 mmol/l, which means that even if it falls within the normal reference range, it is still necessary to continue taking medication. For patients with multiple risk factors, it is important to control below 2.1 mmol/l. Although there is no direct evidence of a relationship between hypertriglyceridemia and stroke, it is thought that high triglycerides still need to be controlled. Triglyceride-lowering drugs are still recommended if LDL is more optimal. Related points: 1. Stroke risk factors are diverse; 2. Blood pressure glucose and lipid control should be controlled individually.