As the standard of living continues to improve, excess nutritional intake has become a health killer for pregnant women. In addition to the increased incidence of gestational hypertension and obesity, there has been a dramatic increase in gestational diabetes, but many pregnant women are not aware of or simply do not care about the risks associated with diabetes. The effects of hyperglycemia on mother and child in different periods: early pregnancy before conception causing malformation and miscarriage, middle and late pregnancy hyperinsulinemia, and distant maternal and offspring metabolic abnormalities. Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that can cause serious harm to the mother and child if not detected early for treatment. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes are prone to excessive amniotic fluid, premature rupture of membranes, gestational eclampsia, urinary tract infections and mycotic vaginitis. For the fetus: it is prone to abnormal development, intrauterine growth restriction, and the chance of congenital malformation is 2~3 times higher than the average pregnant women. Most of them are malformations of the nervous system, cardiovascular system and digestive system. Forty percent of fetuses weigh more than 4,000 grams, increasing the chances of cesarean delivery. Due to the low insulin level of diabetic mothers, it also tends to lead to poor uterine contraction after delivery, resulting in postpartum hemorrhage. As maternal hyperglycemia prompts the fetus to secrete large amounts of insulin, and after delivery, when it is separated from the maternal hyperglycemic environment, the pancreas habitually secretes large amounts of insulin, which can lead to neonatal hypoglycemia, which can affect the long-term intellectual development in serious cases. At the same time, hyperglycemia can affect the lung development, the fetal alveolar surface active substance is insufficient, the lung development is delayed, even if it is already full term, it is prone to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome similar to preterm infants. So what diabetes checkups do pregnant women need to do? 1, blood glucose measurement: normal pregnant women’s blood glucose value is generally lower than normal, rarely more than 5.6mmol/L (100mg/dl), fasting blood glucose is often 3.3~4.4mmol/L (60~80mg/dl). 2011 latest diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes: fasting blood glucose ≥ 5.1mmol/L, 75g glucose tolerance test 1 hour ≥ 10.0 mmol/L, 2 hours ≥ 8.5 mmol/L. 2. Urine glucose measurement: urine glucose should be measured for all first-time pregnant women, and if it is negative in early pregnancy, it should be repeated in the middle and late stages. In normal pregnancy, especially after the fourth month of pregnancy, the renal tubular reabsorption capacity of glucose in pregnant women is reduced. Sometimes glucose values are within the normal range, but glycosuria occurs due to a decrease in the renal glucose excretion threshold. Physiological lactosuria may also occur during postpartum lactation. Therefore, those with positive urine sugar need further fasting glucose and glucose tolerance measurement to clarify the diagnosis. 3, hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) measurement: blood sugar, glycated serum protein and glycated HbA1, all three can be used to reflect the degree of control of diabetes indicators. However, their significance is not the same. Blood glucose concentration reflects the blood glucose level at the time of blood collection; glycated serum protein reflects the average (total) level of blood glucose 1~2 weeks before blood collection; glycated HbA1 and HbA1c reflect the average (total) level of blood glucose in 8~12 weeks before blood collection. During the erythrocyte survival cycle, hemoglobin is slowly glycosylated to produce HbA1. the amount of change in HbA occurs according to the average blood glucose level, which is about 4% in non-diabetics and can be as high as 20% in diabetics, but the blood glucose level can decrease after the patient is controlled by treatment. hbA1 can be subdivided into HBA1a, HbA1b, and HbA1c. hbA1c accounts for the largest percentage of Measurement of HBA1c can replace HBA1 level. The average HBA1 level in normal pregnancy is 6%, but it can rise in diabetic pregnancies and fall as pregnancy progresses and when diabetes is better controlled, so the application of HbA1 measurement can be used as an adjunct to blood glucose measurement. miller (1982) reported that the incidence of congenital malformations in the descendants of diabetic pregnant women was significantly higher when HBA1c was elevated, which also indicates that diabetes is poorly controlled. If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with diabetes, she should first relax her mind and treat the disease with optimism and positive attitude. In addition, participating in more social activities and moderate physical activity can also help to control the disease. Of course, dietary control is the most crucial, through dietary control for 3~7 days, monitor fasting and postprandial blood glucose, if the blood glucose control level is still unsatisfactory, fasting blood glucose ≥5.1mmol/L and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose ≥6.7mmol/L, insulin treatment should be carried out in time to avoid aggravating the disease.