Children with congenital heart disease tend to grow and develop more slowly than their peers and are prone to various diseases. To detect congenital heart disease early, we should pay attention to the growth and development of children from the moment they are born and seek early medical treatment. If congenital heart disease is treated in a timely manner, it can prevent growth and developmental disorders in children, which can help families and society. The following are the major stages of pediatric growth and development and the characteristics of each stage.1. Perinatal period: It refers to the period from 28 weeks of gestation to 7 days after the birth of the baby. This is an important period to protect the normal development of the fetus and the newborn, to reduce morbidity and mortality before and after birth, and to promote their healthy growth. Routine physical examination after birth according to the presence or absence of heart murmurs and cyanosis of the lips can determine whether the child suffers from congenital heart disease, at this time, the most commonly detected heart disease is ventricular septal defects, False Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries and other cyanosis congenital heart disease.2, neonatal period: from the delivery of the fetus after the umbilical cord ligation to the birth of the 28 days after the birth of the baby is called the neonatal period. During this period, the fetus leaves the mother’s body and turns to the extra-fetal life, huge physiological changes occur in the body, and the functions of the organs of the whole body system are from immaturity to the initial construction and consolidation. Normal newborns in this period of high morbidity, with congenital heart disease of newborn mortality and prevalence is higher than normal newborns, such as arterial ductus arteriosus, single atrium, single ventricle, large atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, etc. Children with feeding difficulties, easy to catch a cold or pneumonia, etc., the physical examination can be found to have a heart murmur, it should be diagnosed in time. 3, infancy: from the 28th day after birth to the first year of age called Infancy. This period is the first peak stage of pediatric growth and development. At the age of 1 year, the weight is 3 times of the weight at birth and the length is 1.5 times of the length at birth. Therefore, this stage must be given adequate nutrition, after 6 months, the infant from the mother’s immunity gradually disappeared, and the acquired immunity is still very weak, especially congenital heart disease children, due to the difficulty of feeding, resistance is worse, very susceptible to upper respiratory infections, in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infections, attention should be paid to determine the presence of congenital heart disease.4, early childhood: from 1 year of age to the age of 3 years called Early Childhood: From the age of one to three is called early childhood. This period is slightly slower than the growth and development of infancy, but the central nervous system is rapidly developing, immunity is still low, vulnerable to various infectious diseases. Therefore, this period should be timely preventive vaccination of various vaccines. As long as there is no serious organ weakness and allergic manifestations, children with congenital heart disease should be vaccinated with various vaccines to enhance resistance. 5, preschool period: from 3 to 6 years old is called the preschool period. During this period, children’s growth and development is slowed down, but language and action imitation ability is enhanced, there is a strong desire to learn, and autoimmunity is improved, most of the congenital heart disease children’s condition can be found during this period, and it is a better period for surgical correction of cardiac anomalies.6. School-age period: from the age of 6 to 12 years old is known as the school-age period. During this period, except for the reproductive system, the development of all systems of the body is gradually mature, and the morphology and structural development of the brain has basically been completed, which is a good period to grow intelligence and study hard. During this period, the pediatric life is well managed, the ability to tolerate surgery has increased significantly, and it is also a very good period for congenital heart disease surgery, but for some serious congenital heart disease, such as large ventricular septal defects and transposition of the great arteries of the child, due to the presence of severe pulmonary hypertension, the difficulty of the operation is increased, and even the loss of surgical timing. The average weight of newborns in China is 3kg, with a normal range of 2.5kg at the lowest and 4.65kg at the highest. physiological weight loss can occur in the first 3-4 days after birth due to the evaporation of a large amount of water from the lungs and skin as well as the excretion of urine and feces, and low intake of food, which can result in a reduction of weight by about 7%;~8%. If the weight loss exceeds 10%, attention should be paid to the presence of improper feeding or congenital heart disease. Weight increase of 150-180g per week in the first 4-6 months after birth, and about 3 kg in the second half of the year. The weight of a child is about twice the birth weight at 5 months, about 3 times the birth weight at 1 week of age, and about 6 times the birth weight at 6-7 years of age. The approximate formulae for estimating the weight at each age are listed below for reference. 1-6 months pediatric weight (kg) = birth weight (kg) + (age in months × 0.6); 7-12 months pediatric weight (kg) = birth weight (kg) + (age in months × 0.5). 1 year and beyond the average weight: weight of an urban child = [(age × 2) + 7 or 8] (kg); weight of a rural child = [(age × 2) + 7 or 8] (kg); weight of a rural child = [(age × 2) + 7 or 8] (kg); weight of a rural child = [(age × 2) + 7 or 8] (kg); weight of a rural child = [(age × 2) + 7 or 8] (kg). [(age × 2) + 6 or 7] (kg). The height of a newborn is about 50 centimeters, with the fastest growth in the first six months of life, averaging 2.5 centimeters per month, and slower growth in the second half of the year, averaging 1.0 to 1.5 centimeters per month, i.e., 25 centimeters of height growth in the first year of life, slowing down in the second year, with an average of about 10 centimeters in the second year, and an average of 4 to 7.5 centimeters per year after the age of 2 years. Generally speaking, the height at the age of 4 to 5 is about twice the height at birth, and the average height after 1 year of age can be estimated by the following formula: [(age × 5) + 80] (cm). Generally speaking, the growth and development of children with congenital heart disease who are not in serious condition are the same as those of the same age, and if there is no obvious growth disorder or special circumstances, surgery can be performed at about 3 years of age. Because of the higher body weight after the age of 3, the resistance is increased, the tolerance to surgery is increased, it is relatively easy for the surgeon to operate, the success rate of the surgery is increased, and it is good to take care of the patient after the surgery. If there are serious growth disorders, difficulty in feeding, and frequent infections, it is advisable to go to the hospital as soon as possible, and after a clear diagnosis, the doctor will decide when it is appropriate to operate. Do not allow the child to lose the opportunity for surgical treatment. Early treatment can promote normal growth and development of the child after correcting the cardiac malformation, which is favorable to their growth.