The normal value of blood calcium is 9mdash;11 milligrams of calcium in 100 milliliters of blood, or 2.2mdash;2.7 millimolar concentration per liter of blood. The normal fluctuation of blood calcium is small, mainly because calcium is extremely important for maintaining many physiological functions in the body. Blood calcium ion testing can determine the likelihood of a variety of diseases. For example, in hyperparathyroidism, blood ionized calcium is higher than the normal range. So what are the tests for high calcium ions in the blood? The following will explain to you. 1, laboratory tests (1) serum calcium: mostly normal or normal low and below normal. (2) 24-hour urine calcium: lower in vitamin D deficiency and nephrogenic uremia, near normal in renal tubular acidosis. It is not as significant as primary hyperparathyroidism. (3) Serum phosphorus: decreases in vitamin D deficiency, increases in renal insufficiency, and is mostly normal in renal tubular lesions. (4) 24-hour urine phosphorus: of little significance. (5) Renal function tests: creatinine is often increased in renal osteodystrophy, and creatinine increase is paralleled by hyperparathyroidism in bone disease. (6) Serum electrolytes: blood chloride is increased and blood potassium is decreased in renal tubular acidosis. (7) Urine electrolytes: In renal tubular acidosis, blood potassium is reduced while urine potassium is increased. (8) Urine acidification function: In type I RTA, urine PH is increased and titratable acid excretion is decreased; in type II RTA, urine carbon dioxide partial pressure is increased. (9) Vitamin D measurement: vitamin D deficiency, decreased in renal osteodystrophy. Renal tubular acidosis is mostly normal. (10) Blood gas analysis: metabolic acidosis changes in renal tubular acidosis and renal osteodystrophy. Imaging X-rays and nuclear bone scans are helpful in the diagnosis and typing of renal osteodystrophy. Imaging of the parathyroid glands can not only detect enlarged parathyroid glands and determine the location of the four parathyroid glands, but can also detect ectopic parathyroid glands, and this test can help determine the diagnosis of SHPT. Repeated examinations can also assess the effectiveness of non-surgical treatment. 3, other: routine electromyography, electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, bone x-ray and other tests, if necessary, kidney biopsy can help to exclude other kidney diseases.