The incidence of some cancers, such as lung cancer and liver cancer, has been increasing year by year due to factors such as severe haze pollution, water pollution and residues of harmful substances in food caused by rapid economic development. Nowadays, there are more than 10 million new cancer patients worldwide and more than 7 million patients die from cancer every year. No matter what kind of cancer, the word we are most afraid of hearing is “advanced”. When cancer develops to an advanced stage, the patient’s hope of survival is quite slim and the quality of life is difficult to be guaranteed. At present, 1/3 of cancers can be prevented, 1/3 of cancers can be detected and cured at an early stage, and 1/3 of cancers can be improved through existing medical measures and rehabilitation treatment to improve patients’ quality of life. Once a cancer is formed, early detection is crucial. Tumors in ancient and modern Chinese medicine The word “tumor” in Chinese medicine has been recorded in oracle bone inscriptions, and there were records of oncologists more than 2,000 years ago. According to ancient Chinese medicine, the malfunction of qi, blood, essence, fluids and fluids in the body and the dysfunction of the five internal organs lead to the occurrence of tumors. From the 1st century to the 17th century in Europe, the theory of body fluids prevailed, and people believed that tumors were formed by the coagulation and stagnation of “black bile”. In contemporary times, Western medicine and Chinese medicine generally believe that tumor is a systemic disease. With the development of medical science and related technology, people’s understanding of tumor is getting deeper and deeper. However, tumor is still an unsolvable medical problem. At present, people pay more attention to the prevention and early detection treatment of tumor. If cancer can be detected early, the cure rate of patients can be greatly improved with the existing medical treatment. Tumor development Tumor comes from the cells of the body. Every day, cells in the body will mutate and some of them will become tumor cells. The immune system of the organism is our health guardian, responsible for removing these dangerous molecules. Both internal and external factors are important in the formation of tumors and it is a long time process. Tumor cells have the ability to proliferate and metastasize extremely actively, and they are no longer under the control of the body. Some tumor cells are greatly altered relative to normal cells, and thus are able to escape from the body’s immune system. Some of the tumor cells that escape from immune hunting start to proliferate. As they proliferate, tumor cell death occurs. When the number of newly emerged cells is greater than the number of dead cells, the tumor starts to grow. Significance of Early Tumor Detection Surgery is still the treatment for many solid tumors. Whether a tumor can be eradicated depends largely on the early stage of the tumor at the time of surgery – the earlier the stage of the disease, the higher the cure rate. Therefore, early diagnosis is a crucial part of the process. Pay attention to the history of high-risk diseases Nowadays, it is widely believed that before cancer occurs, the normal tissue structure of the body has been changed, which is called “precancerous lesions”. Precancerous lesions are not cancerous, but can be transformed into normal tissue. Some chronic diseases may also lead to the development of cancer. Please focus on: mucosal leukoplakia, cystic hyperplasia of breast, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, ovarian cyst, chronic atrophic gastritis, chronic ulcer, familial adenomatous polyposis, ulcerative colitis, viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, chronic dystrophic dermatitis, chronic constipation, chronic biliary tract disease, history of hepatitis virus (HBV, HCV) infection, history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, and other chronic diseases. (HP) infection, history of human herpes virus (EB) infection, history of HIV infection. Pay attention to subtle changes in the body 1. Abnormal lumps: A lump found in any part of the body with gradual increase in size should be taken seriously. For example, lymphoma may show enlargement of lymph nodes; 2. Long-standing ulcers in any part of the body, such as peptic ulcers that do not heal after 6 weeks of regular treatment or tend to heal, or mouth ulcers that do not heal repeatedly; 3. Irregular vaginal bleeding or leucorrhea in middle-aged women or above, which can be seen in cervical cancer; 4. Discomfort, burning pain, foreign body sensation or gradual difficulty in swallowing after eating, which can be seen in esophageal tumors; 5, Long-term indigestion, gradual loss of appetite and unexplained weight loss, which can be seen in gastrointestinal tumors such as gastric cancer; 6.Untreated dry cough or blood in sputum, which can be seen in lung cancer; 7.Change in stool habit (increase in frequency), change in stool character (constipation or thinning of stool) or blood in stool, which can be seen in colon and rectal cancer; 8.Non-painful breast lumps, skin changes like orange peel, increased secretion, and some lumps may even appear in the skin. 9.Unexplained nasal congestion and nasal bleeding can be seen in nasopharyngeal cancer; 10.Sudden increase in the size of nevus or bleeding from rupture can be seen in malignant melanoma; 11.No clinical manifestation or painless hematuria can be seen in urinary tumor such as bladder cancer; 12.Unexplained hoarseness may be caused by cancer compression, etc. Self-examination of tumor Self-examination of tumor is applicable to tumors growing on the surface of the body. For example, breast tumor, for women over 20 years old, it can be done one week after the end of menstruation. Lightly press the palm surface and make 3 circles from outside to inside. Diagnosis of tumor Mainly includes medical history, physical examination and auxiliary examination. Medical history mainly includes gender, age, history of high-risk diseases, living habits, living environment, and family history of tumor development. Physical examination is mainly to observe surface changes, including color changes of skin mucosa, superficial lymph node changes, whether masses are palpated in abdominal examination, and specialized examination such as rectal examination. There are many kinds of auxiliary examinations, which are powerful tools for clinical early detection of tumors. Regular physical examination helps to detect abnormalities of the body. Ancillary examinations have their own advantages and disadvantages, some are mainly used for screening and some for precise localization. Ultrasound: It is applicable to liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, uterus and adnexa, etc. It can clarify the location, size, number and shape of tumor and understand the relationship between tumor and adjacent tissues and organs, etc. X-ray: mammography is widely used in the diagnosis of breast cancer, and dual gas-barium imaging of gastrointestinal tract can be used in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. CT (computed tomography): Compared with B-ultrasound and X-ray, it has higher accuracy and is more conducive to early detection of lesions and helps in early diagnosis. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): the resolution of soft tissue is stronger than CT, and it is more accurate for the diagnosis of neurological diseases, intracranial and spinal cord tumors, understanding the relationship between tumors and blood vessels and the scope of tumors. The determination of early biochemical metabolic changes of tumors is beneficial to the early diagnosis of tumors. PET-CT (Positron Emission Computed Tomography): Tumor tissue has a stronger metabolic ability than normal tissue, and the examination is performed according to the metabolic ability to find suspicious lesions. ECT (Emission Computed Tomography): It can show the whole body lesions with high sensitivity. However, confirmation of other examinations is also required. Endoscopy: Endoscopy allows observation of lesions under direct vision conditions and is also an important method for obtaining histopathology. It is mainly used for cavernous organs such as gastrointestinal tract, bronchus, bladder, pancreaticobiliary duct, etc. Cytology: Cells are obtained from suspected lesion sites. Tumor marker examination: mainly produced by tumor secretion or by the interaction between tumor and host organism. Checking serum tumor markers is beneficial for early detection of tumors. Screening of tumor Early detection of asymptomatic tumor patients through routine test examination or physical examination for the population in order to achieve early diagnosis, early treatment and increase the cure rate. Many positive effects of tumor screening are to improve the prognosis of patients detected by screening; to reduce the use of radical therapy and minimally invasive surgery; to remove the concern of people with negative results; to reduce the cost of treatment and to save medical resources. However, screening has a certain false-positive rate, i.e., it indicates the presence of cancer even though there is no disease itself, which brings financial burden and psychological stress to patients. A proper attitude is needed to treat the disease. Outlook Diagnosis is an important prerequisite for the treatment of tumors, and early diagnosis is necessary to improve the cure rate of tumors. I hope that the health awareness of all people can be improved, in fact, many times, if you care a little bit more, you may change a lot. With the development of medicine, it is believed that more more sensitive and specific early diagnosis methods will be applied.