What is a stroke?
A stroke, commonly known as a “stroke,” is an acute illness caused by disease of the blood vessels that carry blood to the brain. A stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), causes sudden damage to brain tissue, usually when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and other nutrients to the brain bursts, or when a blood vessel becomes blocked by a blood clot or other particulate matter. If the nerve cells lack sufficient oxygen supply, they die within minutes.
Then, the body functions controlled by these nerve cells become useless. Because dead brain cells cannot be replaced, the consequences of a stroke are usually permanent. Patients suffering from an acute ischemic attack of the great vessels lose 120 million nerve cells, 830 billion nerve bonds, and 714 kilometers of myelinated fibers per hour. Every minute, 1.9 million nerve cells, 14 billion nerve bonds, and 12 kilometers of myelinated fibers are damaged. Compared to the normal rate of nerve cell death due to brain aging, the ischemic brain, if left untreated, ages 3.6 years per hour.
Dividing strokes into two categories.
Ischemic strokes Account for approximately 80% of all strokes. It is a softening necrosis of localized brain tissue due to impaired blood circulation, ischemia and hypoxia. It is mainly caused by atherosclerosis and thrombosis of the arteries supplying blood to the brain, resulting in narrowing or even occlusion of the lumen, leading to focal acute cerebral blood supply deficiency; it also occurs when an abnormal object (solid, liquid, gas) enters the cerebral artery or the carotid artery supplying cerebral blood circulation along the blood circulation, causing a blockage of blood flow or a sudden decrease in blood flow, resulting in softening and necrosis of the brain tissue in the corresponding innervated area. The former is called atherosclerotic thrombotic cerebral infarction and the latter is called cerebral embolism.
Hemorrhagic strokes are divided into two subtypes: intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The amount of hemorrhage determines the severity of the stroke. The mortality rate for hemorrhagic strokes is substantially higher than that for ischemic strokes.
Risk factors for stroke.
1. Hypertensive disease, whether hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke, hypertension is the main independent risk factor. Blood pressure is gradually reduced to below 140/90 mmHg by antihypertensive drugs and low salt diet.
2, diabetes mellitus, through controlled diet, glucose-lowering drugs to reduce blood sugar to 3.9-6.1mmol/L normal range.
3, heart disease, such as rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease. Especially to prevent atrial fibrillation caused by embolism dislodged causing brain embolism.
4, lipid metabolism disorders, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein is the most important lipoprotein that causes atherosclerosis, high density lipoprotein is anti-atherosclerotic lipoprotein.
5, transient ischemic attack (TIA), TIA itself is a type of ischemic stroke classification, can also be a precursor or anterior area symptoms of cerebral infarction, should be treated promptly.
6.Smoking and alcohol abuse.
7, blood rheology disorders, especially the decrease of cerebral blood flow when the viscosity of whole blood increases, in which the increase of erythrocyte ratio and the increase of fibrinogen level are the main risk factors of ischemic stroke.
8, obesity, obesity and overweight are risk factors for ischemic stroke, not related to hemorrhagic stroke.
9, age and gender, age is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis, the degree of atherosclerosis increases with age. 50 years of age or older, the incidence of stroke increases with age, but the author found that the incidence of stroke in young and middle-aged people has also increased, which should not be ignored. Generally speaking, the incidence of stroke in women is lower than that in men.
Risk factors for stroke are.
1, hypertensive disease, whether hemorrhagic stroke or ischemic stroke, hypertension is the most important independent risk factors. Blood pressure is gradually reduced to below 140/90 mmHg by antihypertensive drugs and low-salt diet.
2, diabetes mellitus, through controlled diet, glucose-lowering drugs, reduce blood sugar to 3.9-6.1mmol/L normal range.
3, heart disease, such as rheumatic heart disease, coronary heart disease. Especially to prevent atrial fibrillation caused by embolism dislodged causing brain embolism.
4, lipid metabolism disorders, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein is the most important lipoprotein that causes atherosclerosis, high density lipoprotein is anti-atherosclerotic lipoprotein.
5, transient ischemic attack (TIA), TIA itself is a type of ischemic stroke classification, can also be a precursor or anterior area symptoms of cerebral infarction, should be treated promptly.
6.Smoking and alcohol abuse.
7, blood rheology disorders, especially the decrease of cerebral blood flow when the viscosity of whole blood increases, in which the increase of erythrocyte ratio and the increase of fibrinogen level are the main risk factors of ischemic stroke.
8, obesity, obesity and overweight are risk factors for ischemic stroke, not related to hemorrhagic stroke.
9, age and gender, age is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis, the degree of atherosclerosis increases with age. 50 years of age or older, the incidence of stroke increases with age, but the author found that the incidence of stroke in young and middle-aged people has also increased, which should not be ignored. Generally speaking, the incidence of stroke in women is lower than that in men.