Urine examination report card (as an example of urine routine) mainly look at PH, urine protein, urine sugar, ketone bodies, occult blood, bilirubin, white blood cells and so on. 1. PH: Normal reference value is 5~8, reflecting the kidney’s participation in the regulation of acid-base balance in the body, acidic urine is mostly seen in meat diet, metabolic acidosis, respiratory acidosis, etc. Alkaline urine is mostly seen in vegetarian diet, respiratory or metabolic alkalosis, and renal diseases. 2. Urine protein: the normal reference value is negative, if positive, it suggests that the glomerular filtration rate barrier is damaged or the reabsorption capacity is reduced. 3. urine sugar: the normal reference value is negative, if there is a positive combination of clinical distinction between physiological and pathological, physiological urine sugar is often seen in excessive diet, pregnancy, etc.; pathological urine sugar is often seen in elevated blood glucose, impaired renal tubular function. 4. Ketone body: the normal reference value is negative, positive can be seen in ketoacidosis, prolonged starvation, low sugar diet, poisoning caused by vomiting and diarrhea. 5. Occult blood: the normal reference value is negative, if the urine occult blood test is positive, there should be a high degree of suspicion of hematuria, hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, which can be seen in renal urological diseases. 6. Bilirubin: the normal reference value is negative, if the bilirubin level is elevated, it is seen in certain liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis. 7. Leukocytes: there can be a small number of leukocytes in the urine of normal people, if the test is positive, it can be seen in urinary tract infections, certain kidney diseases such as interstitial nephritis. If you find abnormalities in urine routine, please go to the hospital in time, and actively diagnosis and treatment.