Rickets is the most common disease in infants and young children, most of the manifestations are often irritable and crying, sleep restlessness, easy to wake up and cry at night, sweating during feeding and sleep, easy to lose hair on the head and occipital area; late emergence of milk teeth, square skull; 1.5 years old fontanelle is not closed, walking double lower limbs are weak, there are “X” or “O “X” or “O” legs, chicken chest, funnel chest, some older children have leg pain, joint pain, etc. The cause of pediatric rickets is not only a calcium deficiency, but also a nutritional metabolic disease that occurs due to a lack of vitamin D, which leads to a malfunction of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. In winter and spring, when the weather is cold, children’s outdoor activities are reduced and the time for sunbathing is shortened, which is the high season for rickets. Children are also prone to rickets because of their anorexia, partiality, picky eating, insufficient intake of foods containing vitamin D, rapid growth and development, and the need for more calcium nutrition, which should be prevented. In order to make children have a strong body should be early comprehensive prevention and treatment of rickets. Starting from pregnant women, for those who lack sunlight exposure, poor appetite, weak and sickly pregnant women, they can take appropriate amount of vitamin D and calcium supplements in late pregnancy to prevent congenital rickets. After the baby is born, advocate breastfeeding, add supplementary foods reasonably, and choose foods rich in vitamin D, calcium and protein, such as egg yolk, animal liver, fish and shrimp, lean meat, dairy and soy products to improve dietary nutrition. Take your child outdoors often and get sunlight to prevent rickets. The children’s health care should be good, overcome the bad habits of child rearing, regular check-ups, preventive medicine at any time, especially in winter and spring, and appropriate calcium and vitamin D. Pay attention to regular check-ups, early diagnosis and early treatment, and give appropriate amounts of calcium and vitamin D treatment under the guidance of pediatricians.