Herpes zoster is a popular viral skin disease caused by the varicella-herpes virus, which usually first invades the body through the mucous membrane of the whistle tract (mainly the nasal mucosa), multiplies and invades the bloodstream, causing chickenpox (mostly in children) or an insidious infection; the virus then invades the sensory nerve endings, spreads to the center and persistently lurks in the sensory ganglia. When the body is immunocompromised, the virus becomes active again and multiplies in the ganglion, causing an inflammatory response in the ganglion and pain along the sensory nerve distribution area of the ganglion. The virus then travels down the nerve to the skin and multiplies there, causing the typical herpes cluster. The elderly and people with chronic wasting diseases are susceptible to herpes zoster, and the disease is more severe once contracted. Herpes zoster invading the chest and waist area accounts for more than 60% of the incidence of the disease, which is folklore known as the “crosstalk dragon”, and may also invade the head and face, eyes, ears, upper and lower extremities, internal organs and perineum. Because of the nerve-friendly nature of the virus, the onset of the disease is always along the nerves in the form of strips, hence the name herpes zoster. Herpes zoster will turn into chronic pain if the early pain is not controlled in time. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a serious complication remaining after the occurrence of herpes zoster, defined as persistent spontaneous pain, light tenderness (nociceptive hyperalgesia) and sensory abnormalities at the site of the primary herpes for more than 1 month after the disappearance of herpes zoster (severe pain can be triggered by rubbing with undress). The nature of the pain is predominantly spontaneous knife-like or lightning-like episodes of pain or persistent burning pain. In recent years, the number of patients with postherpetic neuralgia has increased year by year. Severe pain can lead to reduced outdoor activities, sleep disturbances, social avoidance, depression, and even loss of confidence in life and suicidal tendencies, which can seriously affect the quality of life if the pain condition persists for a long time. The duration of postherpetic neuralgia can be as short as 1 to 2 years or as long as more than 10 years, and without effective pain treatment, the history of the disease is usually as long as 3 to 5 years. Correct diagnosis and timely and reasonable treatment after the onset of the disease is the key to healing as soon as possible and reducing sequelae symptoms. In the past, the disease was mostly seen in dermatology because of the appearance of herpes on the body surface, but now, due to the progress in understanding the etiology and the better treatment effect of nerve block, postherpetic neuralgia has become the best indication in pain medicine.