Congenital heart disease is a cruel “killer” that endangers the health and lives of children, especially infants and toddlers. According to statistics, about 6 out of every 1000 newborns suffer from congenital heart disease. According to the birth rate and the incidence of congenital heart disease, it is estimated that there are 150-200 thousand sick children born in China every year. In the development of congenital heart disease, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary valve stenosis are several of the most common congenital intracardiac malformations in clinical practice. Because of the lack of effective prevention methods for congenital heart disease and the lack of specificity of clinical manifestations, some of them are no different from healthy children in appearance and do not even affect children’s eating and development, so it is often not easy to attract parents’ attention, but congenital heart disease is actually a time-limited disease, and the best time for treatment may be missed after a certain age, or even the opportunity for treatment is completely lost, which brings great harm to children and families. Therefore, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are the keys to reduce the natural mortality of this disease. He Jianxin, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangzhou Military Region When a patient is unfortunately found to have congenital heart disease, the next issue to be faced is how to treat it. There are two main types of treatment options available: surgical and medical interventions. For each specific patient, it is often the case that the cardiac surgeon advises the patient to “operate” as soon as possible, while the cardiologist believes that “catheter intervention” is possible. In such a situation, the patient is often at a loss as to who is best to listen to. In fact, any kind of treatment method has its advantages and limitations. 1.Surgical open-heart repair Direct open-heart, extracorporeal circulation under direct vision repair of the heart. It can be used for almost any “treatable congenital heart disease” and has an extremely wide range of application. Some so-called “minimally invasive” or “lateral incision” procedures are being questioned by insiders because of the potential for greater tissue damage in the body. The potential for brain damage and neuropsychiatric dysfunction after extracorporeal circulation is also a problem that cannot be ignored. In addition, permanent scars are left on the chest after surgery, which can cause permanent damage to the child’s body, mind and personality, and is not conducive to the child’s overall healthy growth; 2. Cardiac catheterization intervention It is a sub-discipline developed in the last fifteen years based on cardiac intervention. By puncturing the femoral artery or vein, inserting a special catheter, sending a special blocker through the peripheral blood vessels to reach the lesion to be treated, releasing the blocker and fixing it at the lesion to achieve the purpose of cure. The advent of interventional therapy has brought about a fundamental change in the concept of treatment of congenital heart disease and is now the treatment of choice for most congenital heart diseases. It has obvious advantages: no need to open the chest, no scar without affecting the aesthetics; few complications and high safety; short hospitalization time, usually discharged after 4-5 days of hospitalization; and good treatment effect. After the blocker is implanted, the abnormal blood flow can be completely blocked at that time, and the body’s own endothelial cells will cover its surface in 1 month, and the endothelial cells will completely bury the blocker after 3 months, so the blocker will not fall off. Of course, there are very strict indications for interventional treatment of precordial disease, and not any precordial patient can undergo interventional treatment. At present, balloon dilatation and occlusion of unclosed arterial ducts for pulmonary stenosis have basically replaced the previous open-heart surgical treatment; for atrial septal defects, interventional treatment is currently mainly indicated for secondary septal defects with a diameter of 36 mm or less; interventional treatment for ventricular septal defects is indicated for patients with all types of ventricular septal defects except for the sub-stem type. In conclusion, there is no perfect method under the sun, and for different types of congenital heart disease, or even the same type of congenital heart disease, the applicable methods may be different. Judgment should be made based on the patient’s condition, the safety of the method and other specific circumstances, and the method that is safest, effective and economical for the patient should be chosen.