What is anal fissure? Anal fissure refers to the longitudinal split or formation of ischemic ulcers in the skin of the anal canal below the dentate line, which occurs in the anterior and posterior median anus, especially in the posterior position, and is clinically characterized by cyclic pain, bleeding, constipation and itching in the anus. Clinical manifestations of anal fissure: 1. Periodic pain in anus manifests as pain in anus during defecation, which is knife-cutting or burning pain, and the pain is reduced or disappears within minutes after defecation, which is called the pain intermittent period, usually 5 minutes, and then the pain is severe due to the sphincter muscle spasm and contraction, and the pain can last for several hours to more than ten hours until the sphincter fatigue and relaxation can be relieved. This pain process is called cyclic pain every time you defecate. 2.Bleeding Generally, the bleeding is not much, mostly dripping blood, or there is blood on the surface of feces, or there is blood on the handkerchief, if combined with infection, there may be pus, blood and mucus. 3.Constipation Patients often have habitual constipation, dry feces often make the anal canal skin tear and cause anal fissure, and because of the fear of anal fissure pain during defecation and unwilling to defecate regularly, so that the feces in the rectum stays longer, the water is fully absorbed, and aggravate the constipation, which will form a vicious circle. 4, itching due to fissure ulcer surface or subcutaneous fistula secretion, or anal glands outflow of secretion, stimulation of the anal margin skin caused by anal eczema and anal scratching. Self-conscious anus is often moist and unpleasant, and can make the skin accompanied by superficial fissures or lesions. Factors of the formation of anal fissure 1, stool abnormalities Anal fissure is firstly because of the impact or friction from external forces. If the feces is too coarse and hard, then the anus is poorly adapted, which will make the anal canal fissure. Some studies have found that not only constipation, but also diarrhea can produce anal fissure, which can account for 4% to 7% of the causes of anal fissure. 2, internal sphincter spasm, the anal canal is a certain pressure, this pressure is conducive to anal closure, and anal canal pressure mainly from the internal sphincter, the internal sphincter tension is high, it will cause the anal canal resting pressure increased significantly, at this time, the anal stretch is not enough, when dry feces through the fissure will be produced. The internal sphincter is a smooth muscle, but when stimulated by fecal debris and intestinal fluids, it can spasm, resulting in severe pain. Causes of elevated sphincter tension: (1) inflammatory stimulation of the intestinal tract, anal canal or sinus (2) acidic fecal stimulation (3) sphincter exposure (4) anger and tension and other abnormal emotions. 3, infectious factors, sinus infection, chronic inflammatory stimulation of the anal canal skin elasticity weakened, brittleness increased, easy to rupture damage. 4, injury In addition to defecation injury, others such as fecal foreign body, rough anal examination, anal foreign body can damage the epithelium of anal canal to form anal fissure. 5, anatomical factors, the external anal sphincter in the anal canal before and after the formation of two triangular fissures, the lack of sufficient support for the anal canal, but fecal impact can produce cracks. At the same time, the anal arteries are distributed from both sides to the middle and cross in front and behind the anus, resulting in the formation of two weak areas in front and behind the anus, leading to poor blood supply in this area. The anal canal and rectum become 90 degree angle continuation, when defecating, the pressure on the back wall of the anal canal is the largest, so the rear center line is most likely to occur in anal fissure. 6, anal stenosis Due to various factors such as: congenital deformity, trauma or surgery caused by anal stenosis, dry and hard feces is more likely to make the anal canal skin damage, resulting in anal fissure. Prevention and regulation 1, develop good defecation habits, timely treatment of constipation, defecation, do not use too much force. 2.Eat more fruits and vegetables to prevent dry stools and avoid hard stools, which may break the anus. 3, pay attention to anal cleanliness, prevent anal infection. If you suffer from anal fissure, it is advisable to treat it as soon as possible to prevent other diseases. Warm reminder: If you have an anal fissure, please consult a doctor in time, under the guidance of the doctor for treatment.