Congenital megacolon, also known as anaplasia, is a developmental malformation of the gastrointestinal tract in which constipation is the main lesion and ganglion cells of the intestine are absent. The disease is caused by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal intestinal wall of the colon, which is in a state of spastic stenosis and loss of peristaltic and defecation functions, resulting in the accumulation of stool and gas in the proximal intestinal canal, and the subsequent dilatation and hypertrophy, gradually forming a megacolon. Therefore, in congenital megacolon, the lesioned intestinal canal is the distal intestinal canal rather than the megacolon, and the change of megacolon is not congenital, and the disease has been called ganglion cell-free disease or ganglion cell-free megacolon in many literature. The main manifestations of congenital megacolon in the neonatal period are: A delayed defecation time after birth, normal newborns defecate within 24 hours after birth, 48 hours after defecation, children with megacolon generally defecate for more than 24 hours, or only a small amount of fetal stool, 72 hours or even a week can not be defecated, must be treated with enemas or other methods to defecate more fetal stool. This is because the fetal stool cannot pass through the spastic and narrow colon or rectum. B abdominal distension, anorexia, vomiting, as a common symptom, can be seen in the abdominal bulge, and its serious can cause respiratory distress. C electrolyte disturbance, due to vomiting leads to dehydration and electrolyte disturbance. D anal stimulation can induce defecation, and some children can excrete a large amount of stool after anal examination or using corkage, so that the abdominal distension is completely relieved, and there is even a “remission period” of several weeks or months. A typical case, in August 2011 a child with abdominal distension and constipation to the Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, diagnosed with megacolon, decided to operate a fistula, to pay a certain amount of surgery, the parents do not agree, transferred to the Guangzhou Children’s Hospital, the doctor on duty prescribed a 80 cents corkage, the child’s abdominal distension relief after the anal plug, the parents think that the hospital in Shenzhen fraud, demand compensation, the disease by making the media hype, boiling But soon the abdominal distension and constipation recurred, and eventually diagnosed in Wuhan Children’s Hospital as long-segmented megacolon and surgical treatment. F because the stool and gas can not be expelled, the intestinal tube is extremely dilated, coupled with the thin intestinal wall of newborns, if not timely treatment, side may lead to intestinal perforation, diffuse peritonitis, endangering the life of the child. Congenital megacolon in infancy and childhood as: A history of delayed fetal stool in newborns B repeated constipation abdominal distension, the need for enemas, anal plugs, laxatives, etc. to maintain defecation, and constipation is becoming more and more serious, if not assisted defecation, visible abdominal distension apparently huge, even as in October non. Sometimes it is possible to palpate fecal stones in the colon, which is due to long-term stool storage, and the colon absorbs most of the water. It is easy to be misdiagnosed as tumor of abdomen. C There are different degrees of wasting, anemia and hypoproteinemia and other malnutrition manifestations. F The stool is mostly yellowish white, fine paste with a strange odor.