Blair, who weighed 260 pounds? Blair Reeve died at the age of 29 of pneumonia following a bout with the flu. He was the spokesman for the controversial Heart Attack Grill, a junk-food restaurant in the United States that claimed to be “worth dying for”. Although it is impossible to say for sure whether Blair’s death was related to high-calorie food, it is to be expected that his body must have been extremely nutrient-poor and already as fragile and sickly as an 80-year-old man’s. The modern lifestyle has made obesity a major problem. Modern lifestyles have made obesity an epidemic that is spreading all over the world. Most modern people know that obesity is bad for you, but the specific dangers of obesity may be generally underestimated. In addition to infertility, cardiovascular disease, tumors, the three major categories of serious harm to the disease, obesity is also closely related to osteoarthritis, and has an impact on human intelligence and psychology. So, how to deal with obesity? The secret to losing weight is only four words – eat less and move more. Thanks to years of missionary work, hypertensive heart disease patients should control their body weight to reduce the intake of high-calorie diet, is already common knowledge, in this case, someone actually opened such a restaurant, and in the front door clearly indicated that “if you come here to eat, the food will kill you”, so eye-catching, but also really out of the ordinary. Generally speaking, those who die of influenza combined with pneumonia are mostly the old, the sick and the disabled. At the age of 29, the mortality rate is one of the lowest, and if he had not eaten so recklessly to become a fat man weighing 575 pounds (about 260 kilograms), he might have escaped this fate. Instead of Blair? Reeve died directly from the flu or pneumonia, he really could have died indirectly from obesity. The World Health Organization Expert Committee put forward to the body mass index (Body Mass Index, BMI) as the body of overweight or obesity standards (weight in kilograms / height in meters squared), that is, the BMI between 25-29.9 for overweight, greater than 30 for obesity. As a standard, according to research and statistical analysis estimates, the global overweight population of about 937 million, obese people about 396 million, according to this trend, to 2030, is expected to overweight and obese people will account for about 58% of the total global population. From this point of view, obesity as an epidemic, has been all over the world. Most modern people know that obesity is not good for the body, but the specific dangers of obesity may be generally underestimated. The risks associated with high blood pressure and heart disease are only a few of the most publicly known cases of the serious consequences of obesity. The costs of obesity-induced health problems in terms of increased health-care costs and decreased productivity in developed and even some developing countries are staggering. So let’s start with the most dangerous. The Metabolic Syndrome Some scholars have suggested that a closely related set of conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, be called the metabolic syndrome. For thousands of years, people have always thought that only the body feels uncomfortable is a disease, until the cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and the nature of the gradual revelation, people gradually realize that there is such a terrible disease, it can approach you silently, unexpectedly results in the loss of your life, which we call it a silent killer. According to the data released by the National Center for Cardiovascular Disease in 2009, there are 200 million hypertensive patients in China alone, and 10 million new people every year. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease has become the first cause of death in China, hypertension is the first risk factor, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease accounted for 44.4% of the total cause of death. So what role does obesity play in this? Simply put, obesity is an important accomplice to the first killer. A large number of studies have shown that obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of hypertension, obese hypertensive patients are often combined with sugar, lipid metabolism disorders, and a variety of cardiovascular diseases are closely related. Some scholars suggest that a series of conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and other closely related conditions called metabolic syndrome, the concept of this proposal has attracted widespread attention from academics, and its pathogenesis has become a hotspot for research in both domestic and international medical circles. In April 2005, the International Diabetes Federation issued a global consensus definition of metabolic syndrome. To determine whether an individual has metabolic syndrome, one of the conditions that must be met is obesity: among Americans, waist circumference is greater than or equal to 102 centimeters for males and 88 centimeters for females; among Asian-Pacific Islanders (China), waist circumference is greater than or equal to 90 centimeters for males and 80 centimeters for females; and there must be two abnormalities of blood pressure and glucose-lipid metabolism at the same time. In the study of the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, a variety of doctrines and hypotheses emerge, such as the thrifty gene hypothesis, common soil theory, lipotoxicity hypothesis, lipid accumulation and overflow hypothesis, etc., however, regardless of which doctrine can not bypass obesity. Due to obesity, the rapid expansion of adipose tissue and the relative scarcity of blood vessels puts adipocytes in a state of relative hypoxia, and hypoxia causes these adipocytes to release pro-inflammatory factors to dilate blood vessels, increase blood flow, and promote neovascularization, and induces a series of factors that promote hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Currently, the relationship between obesity and the development of metabolic syndrome has become a hot research topic with adipocytokines as the entry point. The danger of obesity-induced metabolic syndrome does not stop there. The human body is a complex and subtle “machine”, many parts of the existence of a close link between the so-called pull a hair move the whole body. Obesity is not only a high risk factor for sleep apnea syndrome, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary vascular disease, diabetes, but it can also lead to kidney damage, i.e. obesity-related nephropathy. Why is this? Experimental studies comparing animal models of metabolic syndrome and normal animals have found that metabolic syndrome may increase the burden on the kidneys, which may gradually destroy the kidney tissue structure, and ultimately lead to kidney failure and uremia. What’s more terrible is that obesity-related kidney disease usually starts insidiously, the so-called good to avoid the dark arrows are difficult to prevent, early although part of the renal unit has been destroyed, but as long as the residual part of the human body can still meet the needs of the normal metabolism, the patient may not feel the disease is approaching, and wait for the emergence of the relevant symptoms, is often already progressed to end-stage renal failure, in addition to dialysis treatment and kidney transplantation, the other ways are already beyond the power of God! The following are some of the most important things that you can do to help your child. Malignant tumors: Malignant tumors of digestive system and urinary system, liver cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer are all found to be related to obesity. In addition to the above diseases and obesity are more closely related, there is another large class of people talk about the disease, but also with obesity has great relevance, that is, cancer. Some scholars statistics, the United States in 2007, newly diagnosed cancer cases in 33,966 cases may be attributed to obesity. The latest research shows that every 5 kg/m2 increase in body mass index, tumor mortality rate increased by 10%. Researchers from the Scripps Research Institute Harvard Medical School have recently discovered that an enzyme that regulates the fatty acid metabolic network is shared in the signaling pathways of cancer and obesity, and the results of this study were published in January 2010 in the prestigious academic journal Cell, which further confirms that obesity is an important risk factor for cancer. Specifically, what cancers have been linked to obesity? Just as it is usually recognized, obesity is often associated with eating, so the relationship between obesity and digestive malignancies may not be so surprising. Colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cardia (cardia is the entrance to the stomach, connected to the esophagus under the body of the stomach) adenocarcinoma …… malignant tumors of the digestive system in its entirety from the top to the bottom of the digestive system, almost all of which are associated with obesity. In addition to the digestive system, malignant tumors of the urinary system also have a great relationship with obesity. Studies have shown that an increase in body mass index increases the risk of kidney cancer, and obese people are also more likely to develop aggressive and lethal prostate cancer. A January 2010 Cell paper on the molecular mechanisms linking obesity to hepatocellular carcinoma suggests that obesity may promote hepatocellular carcinoma. If Blair Reeves hadn’t been “obese” at 29 years old, he would have been a very good candidate. If Blair Reeves had not died at the age of 29, it is hard to say that he would not have died from the above malignant tumors, but the next few malignant tumors related to obesity are less likely to have anything to do with him. Breast cancer is one of the malignant tumors that women worldwide are prone to, and it is currently believed that the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women will increase by 50% due to the rise in estrogen levels in obese women, and some studies have confirmed that abdominal obesity is an independent risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Endometrial cancer is the first gynecological tumor that has been found to be closely related to obesity, and the possible mechanism is that obesity can lead to excess estrogen. Obesity and reproduction Obesity can lead to infertility and can also affect the outcome of assisted reproductive technology. Obesity can be a matter of life and death, but another danger of obesity is that it can make you simply infertile! That is, obesity can affect human reproductive function. Female overweight or obesity, especially the sudden onset of obesity during puberty can lead to menstrual disorders, ovulation disorders and infertility after childbearing age. Among the infertile people, a considerable part of them belong to anovulatory infertility, and polycystic ovary syndrome is the main cause of anovulatory infertility. Statistics show that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 4% to 7% of women, and about 50% to 75% of women with PCOS are obese, with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2. Sadly, obesity can also affect the outcome of assisted reproductive technology. In the course of treating obese infertile women with in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, for example, scholars have found that overweight and obese women are more likely to have decreased oocyte fertility, and that obese women have lower rates of transfer, pregnancy, and live birth. In order to achieve the same ovulation promotion effect, the obese group needs more gonadotropin dosage than the normal weight group. The etiology of spontaneous abortion is not fully understood, but obesity is an independent risk factor for early pregnancy abortion. Overweight and obese women also have higher rates of pregnancy complications (e.g., gestational hypertension, etc., gestational diabetes, thromboembolism, macrosomia, etc.), as well as higher rates of delivery complications such as cesarean section, artificially induced labor, and prolonged labor. One study found that the risk of stillbirth, stillbirth or neonatal death due to maternal obesity was more than twice as high as normal. Another study found that women with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 had almost twice the risk of neural tube disorders in their children compared to normal weight women. And this risk did not improve with folic acid supplementation as the mother’s weight increased. Men are not immune to the reproductive effects of obesity. About 30 to 40 percent of infertility cases can be attributed to male problems, and obesity-related metabolic syndrome is considered the most important cause of male infertility. Bones, joints and the mind are also “injured” Fat accounts for a large volume, easy to squeeze other organs, causing unnecessary burden on other organs. In addition to infertility, cardiovascular disease, tumor, the three major categories of serious diseases related to obesity is also closely related to osteoarthritis, and the human intelligence and psychological impact. Obese patients with more body fat, accounting for a larger volume, easy to squeeze other organs, causing unnecessary burden on other organs; so that the blood viscosity increases and the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells decreased, which will lead to vision, perception, acceptance of the ability to be lower than normal; also lead to varying degrees of hypoxia of the brain cells, resulting in patients with lethargy, memory loss, and slow response to external stimuli. The results of the study found that the total IQ of obese children is lower than that of ordinary children. For the obese, not only lost the fit body, clothing, food, housing and transportation are more than normal people spend more, public places to occupy more positions, slow action, to bring a lot of inconvenience to the life of the obese, especially in the developmental period of young people, easy to produce low self-esteem, depression psychology. Why are humans fat? Eat more and move less, genetic predisposition, endocrine disorders and so on may lead to obesity. In the face of the many troubles brought about by obesity, we can not help but ask: why do people get fat? There are various explanations for the cause of the obesity epidemic. Some doctrines imply that obesity is a malady brought about by living a wealthy life. Possessing a great deal of wealth gives one more opportunities to eat too richly and to take vehicles instead of walking on foot; some blame mental depression, genetic predisposition, endocrine disorders, and eating habits developed in childhood; others blame poverty, which is thought to force people to eat starch-rich or fatty foods, thus leading to obesity. One person complains, “I’m such a sucker for cold water.” If you are serious, just let him drink cold water, I am afraid that in less than half a month, not to mention the growth of meat, life will also be taken. But isn’t it true that there is a group of people who are more likely to gain weight than others when they eat the same amount of food? This is indeed there. Some scholars believe that individual obesity to a greater extent by the genetic decision, through a series of studies of identical twins calculated body mass index and body fat content of heredity as high as 80%, while the foster relationship, that is, the genetic degree of the unrelated people is only 10% to 30%. The conclusion is that genetics plays an important role in the development of obesity in humans. When we know the harm of obesity is also clear about the general causes of obesity formation, how to deal with obesity, we should have a spectrum in mind. How to deal with obesity? Aerobic exercise combined with dietary control is the most scientific way to lose weight. Exercise can be accompanied by a watch, according to the heart rate to adjust the intensity of exercise. How to deal with obesity? Simply put, it is to lose weight. And the secret to losing weight is just four words: eat less and move more. Eat less, the key is to limit the intake of sugar and fat, weight loss recipes should be high protein, low fat, low sugar meals. This method of weight loss at the beginning of a faster rate, reduce the body sugar and water, fat loss is not much, and easy to cause malnutrition, poor physical strength, metabolic disorders, low basal metabolic rate and a series of adverse consequences, it seems to be difficult to achieve the purpose of long-term weight control. More movement, that is, aerobic exercise to lose weight, such as maximum aerobic exercise can increase energy expenditure by 10-20 times. The body will still maintain a high metabolic rate for several hours after exercise, and there is a loss of appetite. The benefits of aerobic exercise to lose weight is not limited to reducing body weight, but also can effectively improve the cardiac metabolism of obese people, to prevent the occurrence of heart disease; improve the functional status of the lungs of obese people, more helpful to oxidize excess adipose tissue; regulate the blood lipids of obese people, to prevent obesity-related diseases; increase the density of the bone, to prevent osteoporosis. So is not the greater the intensity of the exercise the better? Not also. Studies have shown that aerobic exercise, heart rate to reach the “effective heart rate threshold”, and in this area to maintain more than 20 minutes, is the most suitable for fat consumption. Effective heart rate refers to the exerciser to reach my maximum heart rate (maximum heart rate = 220 – age) 60% to 85% of the heart rate range. Because lower than 60% of the body’s stimulation is not obvious, higher than 85%, the energy metabolism changes, the consumption of fat is not obvious. Therefore, exercise should be accompanied by wearing a watch with a second hand, at any time according to the heart rate to adjust the intensity of exercise. It is recommended that aerobic exercise be performed five times a week for 20-30 minutes each time. The effect is not very obvious when the number of exercises is more. Under the condition of appropriate reduction of food intake, through the body’s active exercise to make the consumption higher than the intake in order to achieve the purpose of weight loss. This method can not only keep the effect of weight loss, avoid the adverse consequences of dietary restriction alone, but also improve the patient’s cardiorespiratory function and neuromuscular flexibility, and can also beautify the body. As the saying goes, it is easy to know but difficult to do, the problem of weight loss may be an excellent footnote. Gluttony and laziness, but also afraid of death and love of beauty, due to the inability to adhere to eat less and move more, neither want to aggravate their own mouths, but also do not want to tire their legs, have to resort to other ways to lose weight, such as drugs to lose weight. At this stage, although many drugs do have a good effect on weight loss, but without exception have considerable side effects. At the end of the whole article, the author would like to talk about the effects of obesity on children. Many people do not realize that childhood obesity is a major risk factor for hypertension, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Moreover, just as obesity in adults will affect their reproductive function, obesity in children will also affect their sexual development. Therefore, the prevention of obesity should also start with the children.