Anal fistula not out of the skin that can not see the external mouth of the fistula, can be treated conservatively first, to see the external mouth and then surgical treatment. The key to anal fistula surgery is to clarify the location of the fistula and fistula travel, as far as possible to minimize the damage to the anal sphincter. If you can’t see the outer mouth of the fistula, it is not easy to inject contrast medium to locate the fistula stroke and the location of the inner mouth, the operation is not conducive to carry out, so it is recommended that this case of temporary conservative treatment, pending the appearance of the outer mouth of the surgical treatment. Surgical treatment of anal fistula has fistula resection, hanging line therapy, anal fistula resection, but before the surgical treatment in addition to the need to assess the patient’s physical condition, to exclude contraindications to surgery before surgery. Once the fistula is found, early diagnosis, early treatment, according to the specific condition of the doctor’s advice to give the appropriate treatment to avoid repeated episodes of rectal perianal abscess or even cancer.