At present, there are still many misconceptions in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is the collective name of colon cancer and rectal cancer, which ranks third in the incidence of malignant tumors in the world and second in developed countries such as Europe and America. In recent years, in addition to the increase of incidence rate, the gender ratio, incidence site, incidence age and tumor type of colorectal cancer have all changed. The treatment of colorectal cancer is mainly surgery, combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other methods of comprehensive treatment. At present, the surgical technique of colorectal cancer is relatively mature, the complication rate is low, and the efficacy of comprehensive treatment is quite remarkable. However, there are still some misconceptions in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, which need to be paid attention to: Misconception 1: You need to “not eat” for intestinal preparation before and after colorectal cancer surgery. Since 2005, “fast-track surgery” has emerged in Europe and the United States to improve perioperative management and encourage patients to eat and get out of bed at an early stage after surgery, so as to achieve the purpose of promoting postoperative recovery. The general surgery department of Zhongshan Hospital has taken the lead in carrying out this technology in China and has completed nearly 300 cases. Preliminary experience shows that patients can get out of bed and eat a liquid diet on the first day after surgery, which has obvious advantages compared with traditional patients who resume eating after 3-4 days after surgery, and can shorten the average number of hospital days by 2 days, which has been well received by patients. Myth 2: Blood in stool is a manifestation of hemorrhoids Bleeding in stool may be a manifestation of hemorrhoids, but it is often a clinical manifestation of low colorectal cancer, and sometimes the two can be completely confused. Some patients often think it is hemorrhoids and delay the diagnosis, and when colorectal cancer is diagnosed, it is already in advanced stage or even has distant metastasis. In addition, fecal occult blood screening is also an important tool for early screening of colorectal cancer. The colorectal cancer group of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University has accepted the scientific research project of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology and carried out the screening of fecal occult blood and questionnaires for early colorectal cancer in Xujiahui Street, Xuhui District, Shanghai. Myth 3: Colonoscopy is unnecessary for patients without symptoms The main symptoms of colorectal cancer include blood in stool, abdominal pain, diarrhea and wasting. Most of the symptoms are mild at the early stage of the disease, which will not attract enough attention from the patients, and when the symptoms are obvious, they are already in advanced stage and the treatment effect is poor. Colonoscopy is good for early detection, and the development of painless endoscopy nowadays has greatly reduced the pain of colonoscopy. However, having all people undergo colonoscopy will cause some waste. Therefore, for the following high-risk groups, they should have a colonoscopy once every 1-2 years. That is, people over 40 years old with symptoms in the high incidence area of colorectal cancer; people after colorectal cancer surgery; people after colorectal polyps by colonoscopic electrocautery; immediate family members with family history of colorectal cancer; immediate family members with family history of colorectal polyps; patients with ulcerative colitis; patients with schistosomal rectal granuloma; and people after cholecystectomy. Myth 4: Anemia is very serious and cannot be operated Colorectal cancer is mostly manifested as blood in stool before surgery, especially blind ascending colon cancer because it is not easy to detect, has a long disease course and has the clinical manifestation of chronic blood loss, preoperative anemia is more serious. It has been reported that although blood transfusion before surgery can improve anemia, it can cause autoimmune suppression in human body, which promotes the growth of tumor and affects the surgical efficacy of patients. Therefore, as long as the hematocrit exceeds 7 grams before surgery, one can undergo surgery and the anemia will be truly restored after surgical removal of the tumor. Below 7 grams can be considered appropriate preoperative blood transfusion. Myth 5: Surgery is meaningless if preoperative finding is accompanied by liver metastasis Liver metastasis, which is already advanced for the patient, how significant is the surgical removal of the primary focus? Among all cancers presenting with liver metastases, colorectal cancer liver metastases have the best treatment effect. Firstly, about 10-15% of patients have the possibility of surgical resection of metastases, and the median survival of these patients reaches about 35 months, and the 5-year survival rate can reach 30-40%. Secondly, because chemotherapy drugs are very sensitive to colorectal cancer liver metastases, another 15% of patients with liver metastases that were inoperable have been given a second chance to have their primary foci surgically removed after chemotherapy. Myth 6: Give up treatment if cancer recurs after chemotherapy and chemotherapy is ineffective With the progress of science and technology, patients who are ineffective with traditional chemotherapy or recur after chemotherapy can choose biologically targeted therapy. The so-called biologically targeted therapy is like a “biological missile”, such drugs will specifically select the “special location” of the tumor to play the role of drugs, directly inhibit the growth of tumor or cut off the “nutrient supply” of tumor. “These drugs can play a better role in the treatment of tumor. In addition, some patients with local recurrence or liver and lung metastasis can still get the chance of surgical resection.