Whether a posterior mediastinal nodule requires surgery needs to be determined according to the condition. Benign lesions without clinical symptoms do not need surgery for the time being; some malignant lesions or benign lesions causing tissue compression symptoms need surgery. 1. Do not need surgery: small neurogenic tumors or anterior bowel cysts, etc., do not have any clinical symptoms and do not need surgery. 2. Need surgery: posterior mediastinal nodules suspected to be malignant can be treated by surgery, and some of them need adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery; large neurogenic tumors causing obvious abnormalities of neurological function also need to be resected by surgery to improve the symptoms of compression. If the posterior mediastinal nodule causes obvious nerve compression or is highly suspected of malignancy, it is necessary to consult a doctor in time for observation and standardized treatment after confirming the diagnosis of the disease.