Craniotomy is mainly for intracranial lesions, such as brain tumor, brain hemorrhage, hydrocephalus and other surgical operations. Before craniotomy, relevant preparations need to be perfected, such as preoperative conversation, preoperative skin preparation, preoperative fasting, preoperative medication and so on. Secondly, general anesthesia is often used in anesthesia selection, and after anesthesia, the patient should be placed in an appropriate position to facilitate surgical operation. Finally, according to different lesion locations, different craniotomy methods should be selected. For patients with severe traumatic brain injury, standard debridement with intracranial hematoma removal and intracranial pressure probe implantation may be required. For hydrocephalus, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt may be required. Surgical options may vary for different diseases.