Thalassemia is known as thalassemia, thalassemia positive initial screening has an impact on the child, may lead to the child’s growth and development is backward, low immunity, need to further improve the relevant examination, and according to the examination to determine the severity of the disease, and then carry out the appropriate treatment. Thalassemia is a hereditary hemolytic disease caused by the disorder of synthesis of bead protein peptide chain, which can lead to the shortening of the life span of red blood cells in the body of the affected children, thus producing a series of symptoms of anemia and hemolysis. The prognosis of the children with mild anemia is relatively good, while the children with moderate-to-severe anemia may suffer from growth and developmental retardation, immunity deficiency, osteoporosis, heart failure and other complications. Children with a positive thalassemia primary screening may need to complete a genetic test for thalassemia to confirm the diagnosis. For children with moderate-to-severe thalassemia, iron removal therapy with deferoxamine and deferasirox, gene activation therapy with hydroxyurea and thalidomide, and splenectomy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may also be used. If thalassemia is diagnosed, please follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment.