Anyone who has a normal sexual life after marriage without contraception and has lived together for 1 year without ever conceiving is infertile. There are many causes of infertility, some of which are due to congenital development and some are due to certain diseases. About 35% of infertility is due to problems with the quality of the male partner’s semen; about 45% of infertility is due to the female partner’s factors alone, while the remaining 20% is often due to problems with both the male and female partners. As far as female factors of infertility are concerned, tubal lesions account for about 30%, 30% are due to abnormal ovulation function, endometriosis and unexplained infertility account for about 15%, and other uterine disorders, cervical disorders and immune factors account for less than 10%. Due to the complexity of the causes of infertility, it often takes 2 to 3 menstrual cycles or even longer for examination and observation before a comprehensive assessment of the reproductive function of the infertile couple can be made. The initial evaluation is best started with a joint conversation between the clinical specialist and the couple. The first step is to obtain a medical history: to clarify the etiology, ask about the history of pregnancy and its outcome, frequency, mode and habits of sexual intercourse, previous history of contraception, related to either partner. Various previous and current illnesses, current medications and treatments. A detailed menstrual history should also be asked to understand about the ovulatory function of the female partner. Perform a routine physical examination: to understand the woman’s development, body shape, and whether there is abnormal breast discharge. Gynecologic examination to find out if there are any abnormalities of the vagina, cervix or body of the uterus. The following basic routine examinations should be done: (1) Semen analysis of the male partner: This provides information on the concentration, motility and morphology of the sperm. This is essential for the initial determination of the male partner’s fertility and should be performed as early as possible. (2) Ultrasound of the pelvis and vaginal discharge examination of the female partner: to understand the condition of the uterus and ovaries, and the presence of vaginal and cervical inflammation, etc. (3) Basal body temperature (BBT), urinary LH measurement and ultrasound to monitor follicular development: these measurements can estimate whether ovulation is occurring and when it occurs to guide conception or to do other relevant tests. (4) Tests for related endocrine hormones and related immune antibodies: such as complete set of female hormones, thyroid function tests, blood glucose and urine glucose tests, anti-sperm antibodies, anti-endometrial antibodies, etc. (5) Hysterosalpingography: It can show the outline of the uterine cavity, suggest the degree of patency of the fallopian tubes, and to some extent reflect the morphology and function of the fallopian tubes. (6) Endometrial biopsy: to further understand the function of the corpus luteum and the endometrial condition. (7) Laparoscopy and/or hysteroscopy if necessary: laparoscopy can confirm the diagnosis of endometriosis or pelvic adhesions, and the corresponding treatment can be performed. Hysteroscopy can further understand the opening of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes, and the presence of intrauterine lesions and/or malformations for appropriate treatment. Through the above examinations, our specialist physicians can have a comprehensive understanding of the causes of infertility so that they can make a clear diagnosis and final prognosis, and work out a diagnosis and treatment plan together with the couple to make the treatment targeted. Chinese herbal medicine has rich experience and remarkable efficacy in treating infertility, and often individualizes treatment according to different patients’ causes of infertility and their physique, temperament and pathology, using methods such as tonifying the kidneys and filling the sperm, draining the liver and strengthening the spleen, and activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis to regulate the seeds of menstruation. For patients who use assisted reproductive technology (IVF-ET with in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer) to treat infertility, Chinese herbal medicine treatment is involved at different stages, which can significantly improve the conception rate and pregnancy success rate. Infertility is one of the difficult gynecological conditions and treatment is never easy. You must be patient and cooperate with your doctor, accept his guidance and treatment seriously and improve your confidence. Believe in science, do not blindly seek medical help and abuse prescriptions, otherwise it will not only waste money but also endanger your health.