It is often said that life lies in sports, but we have also heard of some people, especially young people in the sports fall head first and did not wake up examples, is not this self-contradictory? In fact, exercise is indeed good for health, which is recognized and scientifically proven, but cases like sudden death during exercise are not uncommon, and we should realize that not everyone is at risk, and this special group includes all kinds of hidden underlying heart disease, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a familially inherited heart disease and is not uncommon, but most people can live a normal life, and only a fraction of high-risk patients need to be screened out during the consultation process, while taking enhanced treatment and sudden death prevention measures. The diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is not difficult and can be diagnosed using a combination of ultrasound, MRI, ECG, and even genetic diagnosis. If there is a patient with this disease in the family, all his/her first-degree relatives should go to the hospital for screening, and if genetic diagnosis is not possible, annual physical examinations, electrocardiograms and cardiac ultrasound should be performed. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden exercise-related death, especially in young people and athletes who are plainly healthy. The main principle is lethal arrhythmia, so high-risk patients are not suitable for strenuous sports, and moreover, they should apply medications under medical supervision to prevent sudden death, or even implant a buried cardioverter-defibrillator, or require surgical treatment if the hypertrophic myocardium causes severe intracardiac structural abnormalities. So, which are the high-risk patients? The current international consensus is: previous history of cardiac arrest, history of syncope, history of severe arrhythmias, blood pressure dropping instead of rising during exercise, family members with a history of sudden cardiac-related premature death, ventricular wall thickness greater than 30 mm (about 10 mm in normal adults), combined coronary artery disease, ventricular wall tumors, etc. If more than one of these risk factors is present, implantation of a buried cardioverter defibrillator should be considered. What should patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pay attention to on a daily basis? The most important thing is regular review, at least one outpatient visit per year, echocardiography, ECG and ambulatory ECG, diet and weight control, abstaining from alcohol, avoiding cold, and timely replenishment in case of excessive fluid loss (diarrhea, vomiting, diuresis, profuse sweating). People with a history of syncope should not engage in high-altitude, high-risk operations, etc. The author had a friend, a college student in his 20s, born and raised in the United States, whose uncle died suddenly at the age of 40 because of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and with this article alone, the doctors at Cleveland Medical Center in the United States recommended that he have a buried cardioverter-defibrillator, and his family felt that the defibrillator would have a greater impact on his quality of life, so they brought him back to our hospital, and after perfecting the examination and comprehensive assessment, they did not install a pacemaker The family felt that the defibrillator would have a greater impact on his quality of life, so they brought him back to our hospital. Therefore, we do not need to talk about hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, as long as it is detected in time and treated properly, it is possible to live like a normal person.