The third lumbar spine syndrome is an acute or chronic injury to the third lumbar spine that causes low back pain or impaired mobility. The third lumbar vertebra is the center transverse process of the lumbar spine, which is relatively long and susceptible to injury by external forces, and is more common in patients with lumbar muscle strain. The stress on the third lumbar vertebrae is relatively large, and when the lumbar vertebrae are in motion, the soft tissues attached to the tip of the transverse process are damaged and cause edema, which will compress and stimulate the lateral branch of the posterior branch of the lumbar nerve, causing muscle spasms, and a series of symptoms will appear. The main symptoms of third lumbar spine syndrome are lumbar pain, limited movement, and when the pain is severe, it will radiate to the front of the buttocks and thighs, and if X-ray examination is conducted, it can be found that the transverse process of the third lumbar spine is longer. The third lumbar vertebra syndrome should be actively cooperate with the doctor for treatment, bed rest is recommended, medication, and if necessary, surgery.